Question

A study of reading comprehension in children compared three methods of instruction. The three methods of instruction are called Basal, DRTA, and Strategies. Basal is the traditional method of teaching, while DRTA and Strategies are two innovative methods based on similar theoretical considerations. The READING data set includes three response variables that the new methods were designed to improve. Analyze these variables using ANOVA methods. Be sure to include multiple comparisons or contrasts as needed. Write a report summarizing your findings.

Data

subject group   pre1    pre2    post1   post2   post3
1       B       4       3       5       4       41
2       B       6       5       9       5       41
3       B       9       4       5       3       43
4       B       12      6       8       5       46
5       B       16      5       10      9       46
6       B       15      13      9       8       45
7       B       14      8       12      5       45
8       B       12      7       5       5       32
9       B       12      3       8       7       33
10      B       8       8       7       7       39
11      B       13      7       12      4       42
12      B       9       2       4       4       45
13      B       12      5       4       6       39
14      B       12      2       8       8       44
15      B       12      2       6       4       36
16      B       10      10      9       10      49
17      B       8       5       3       3       40
18      B       12      5       5       5       35
19      B       11      3       4       5       36
20      B       8       4       2       3       40
21      B       7       3       5       4       54
22      B       9       6       7       8       32
23      D       7       2       7       6       31
24      D       7       6       5       6       40
25      D       12      4       13      3       48
26      D       10      1       5       7       30
27      D       16      8       14      7       42
28      D       15      7       14      6       48
29      D       9       6       10      9       49
30      D       8       7       13      5       53
31      D       13      7       12      7       48
32      D       12      8       11      6       43
33      D       7       6       8       5       55
34      D       6       2       7       0       55
35      D       8       4       10      6       57
36      D       9       6       8       6       53
37      D       9       4       8       7       37
38      D       8       4       10      11      50
39      D       9       5       12      6       54
40      D       13      6       10      6       41
41      D       10      2       11      6       49
42      D       8       6       7       8       47
43      D       8       5       8       8       49
44      D       10      6       12      6       49
45      S       11      7       11      12      53
46      S       7       6       4       8       47
47      S       4       6       4       10      41
48      S       7       2       4       4       49
49      S       7       6       3       9       43
50      S       6       5       8       5       45
51      S       11      5       12      8       50
52      S       14      6       14      12      48
53      S       13      6       12      11      49
54      S       9       5       7       11      42
55      S       12      3       5       10      38
56      S       13      9       9       9       42
57      S       4       6       1       10      34
58      S       13      8       13      1       48
59      S       6       4       7       9       51
60      S       12      3       5       13      33
61      S       6       6       7       9       44
62      S       11      4       11      7       48
63      S       14      4       15      7       49
64      S       8       2       9       5       33
65      S       5       3       6       8       45
66      S       8       3       4       6       42

Answer 1

ANSWER:

A study of reading comprehension in children compared three methods of instruction for the given scenario, the null alternative hypotheses are stated as below ;

Null hypotheses;

H₀ ; 1= 2 = 3 = 4 =5

Alternative hypotheses;

H₁ ; Treatmentmeansarenotallthesame.

The ANOVA test is used to compare three or more means and it is used to test claims involving three or more means. The significant difference between the five different comprehension skills is conducted.

Using the excel follow the steps mentioned below;

1. Type or import the data in three columns. one column contain the test pre- 1 another contains pre -1 post-1 , post-2, and

2. Click on the data tab. select data analysis 6 Anova ; single Factor.

3. Click OK.

4. Select the columns in the input range and enter alpha as 0.05.

5. Click OK .

Follow the above instructions to get the ANOVA out put as shown below;

Anova; Single Factor

SUMMARY

Groups	Count	Sum	Average	Variance
Pre 1	66	646	9.78788	9.12354
Pre 2	66	337	5.10606	4. 89627
Post 1	66	533	8.07576	11.5172
Post 2	66	443	6.71212	6.94662
Post 3	66	2905	44.0152	44.1382

ANOVA

Source of variation	SS	df	MS	F	P- value	F crit
Between Groups	71493.2	4	17873.3	1166.33	2.628E- 191	2.39943
Within Groups	4980.42	325	15.3244
Total	76473.6	329

From the about output, the decision rule is to reject H₀ ,IF F > 2.399 for = 0.05 level of significance.

Therefore , F_cal > 2.399 at = 0.05, so conclude that the results are significant .

There is significant difference between the children regrading their comprehension skills.

Explanation

there is significant difference between the three groups of children regarding their comprehension skills.