In: Statistics and Probability
A study of reading comprehension in children compared three methods of instruction. The three methods of instruction are called Basal, DRTA, and Strategies. As is common in such studies, several pretest variables were measured before any instruction was given. One purpose of the pretest was to see if the three groups of children were similar in their comprehension skills. The READING data set described in the Data Appendix gives two pretest measures that were used in this study. Use one-way ANOVA to analyze these data and write a summary of your results.
Reading Data:
subject group pre1 pre2 post1 post2 post3 1 B 4 3 5 4 41 2 B 6 5 9 5 41 3 B 9 4 5 3 43 4 B 12 6 8 5 46 5 B 16 5 10 9 46 6 B 15 13 9 8 45 7 B 14 8 12 5 45 8 B 12 7 5 5 32 9 B 12 3 8 7 33 10 B 8 8 7 7 39 11 B 13 7 12 4 42 12 B 9 2 4 4 45 13 B 12 5 4 6 39 14 B 12 2 8 8 44 15 B 12 2 6 4 36 16 B 10 10 9 10 49 17 B 8 5 3 3 40 18 B 12 5 5 5 35 19 B 11 3 4 5 36 20 B 8 4 2 3 40 21 B 7 3 5 4 54 22 B 9 6 7 8 32 23 D 7 2 7 6 31 24 D 7 6 5 6 40 25 D 12 4 13 3 48 26 D 10 1 5 7 30 27 D 16 8 14 7 42 28 D 15 7 14 6 48 29 D 9 6 10 9 49 30 D 8 7 13 5 53 31 D 13 7 12 7 48 32 D 12 8 11 6 43 33 D 7 6 8 5 55 34 D 6 2 7 0 55 35 D 8 4 10 6 57 36 D 9 6 8 6 53 37 D 9 4 8 7 37 38 D 8 4 10 11 50 39 D 9 5 12 6 54 40 D 13 6 10 6 41 41 D 10 2 11 6 49 42 D 8 6 7 8 47 43 D 8 5 8 8 49 44 D 10 6 12 6 49 45 S 11 7 11 12 53 46 S 7 6 4 8 47 47 S 4 6 4 10 41 48 S 7 2 4 4 49 49 S 7 6 3 9 43 50 S 6 5 8 5 45 51 S 11 5 12 8 50 52 S 14 6 14 12 48 53 S 13 6 12 11 49 54 S 9 5 7 11 42 55 S 12 3 5 10 38 56 S 13 9 9 9 42 57 S 4 6 1 10 34 58 S 13 8 13 1 48 59 S 6 4 7 9 51 60 S 12 3 5 13 33 61 S 6 6 7 9 44 62 S 11 4 11 7 48 63 S 14 4 15 7 49 64 S 8 2 9 5 33 65 S 5 3 6 8 45 66 S 8 3 4 6 42
Use Excel and enter the data as given in question:
Then use the following steps:
Click on Data Tab --> Data Analysis --> Anova: Single Factor -->In input range, select all the 5 column data containing pre1, pre2, post1, post2 and post3 columns --> Choose 'Columns' in Grouped by option --> Tick the labels checkbox -->Select output range and specify a cell where result should be displayed ---> Click ok
The result is:
Anova: Single Factor |
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SUMMARY |
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Groups |
Count |
Sum |
Average |
Variance |
pre1 |
66 |
646 |
9.787879 |
9.123543 |
pre2 |
66 |
337 |
5.106061 |
4.89627 |
post1 |
66 |
533 |
8.075758 |
11.51725 |
post2 |
66 |
443 |
6.712121 |
6.94662 |
post3 |
66 |
2905 |
44.01515 |
44.13823 |
ANOVA |
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Source of Variation |
SS |
df |
MS |
F |
P-value |
F crit |
Between Groups |
71493.16 |
4 |
17873.29 |
1166.33 |
2.6E-191 |
2.399432 |
Within Groups |
4980.424 |
325 |
15.32438 |
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Total |
76473.59 |
329 |
As the p-value = 2.6 E-191 << 0.05, we reject H0 (the null hypothesis) and conclude that the results are significant. Hence, there is a significant difference between the three groups of children in terms of their comprehension skills.