Question

J.M. is a 26-year-old man, who is known to be an IV drug user. His veins are badly sclerosed because of years of abuse. He needs an HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) test, HBV (hepatitis B virus) test, and HCV (hepatitis C virus) antibody test. Dennis, the phlebotomist, is able to locate a vein in the hand on a second attempt using a butterfly needle. As Dennis is withdrawing the needle, the patient suddenly jerks his hand. Drops of blood spatter on Dennis’ lab coat and he is accidentally stuck in the finger by the needle.

1. What should be Dennis’ immediate response?
2. What subsequent steps need to be taken?
3. What type of diseases do HIV and HCV cause? What are the initial symptoms? How are these diseases diagnosed?
4. Should Dennis be concerned about the blood on his lab coat?

Answer 1

Here,the patient having chance to found possitive for hepatitis B, Hepatitis C or HIV hepatitis B caused by hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis C caused by Hepatitis C virus causes inflammation to liver. HIV caused by human immunodeficiency virus

This 3 type of diseases caused by viruses and ability to spread through blood to blood contact.to avoid this disease transmission take some prevention while working or testing for such type of patients.

1)When the patient J.M blood is direct contact with Dennis lab coat he should be take prevention.that is wear a disposable gloves while testing patient.so avoid blood on hands.he should immediately wash his coat with hot water to avoid the virus infection.also wash his hands with water and use sanitizer also.to avoid infection not used Needle,syringese,rezers of infected patient.this disease mostly spread through sexual contact so use precuations and safety measures to avoid this.dennis should be wash all appratus,coat,hands,with santizer and water.

2)Some disease casued by HVC

1)liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, which is a buildup of scar tissue in the liver

2)end-stage liver disease

3)diabetes mellitus

4)cardiovascular disease

5)kidney disease

Some disease casued by HIV

1) tuberculosis

2) histoplasmosis

3)HIV releted encephalopathy

4) cytomegalovirus infection

5) invasive cervical cancer

3)Initial Symptoms for HIV- infection

1)fever,chills

2)joint pain

3)muscle aches

4)sore throat

5)sweats. particularly at night

6)enlarged glands

7)a red rash

8)tiredness,weakness

9)unintentional weight loss

10)thrush

Symptoms for HCV infection-

1)fever

2)fatigue

3)dark urine

4)abdominal pain

5)nausea,vomiting

6)loss of appetite

7)joint pain

8)jaundice, which is a yellowing of the skin and eyes

4)For Diagnosis of HIV 3 test available for which sample of blood or saliva sample is important

1) antigens antibody test-for this test blood taken from veins.antigen is HIV virus and antibody react with it.this test need weeks or months.

2)Antibody tests-These tests look for antibodies to HIV in blood or saliva. Most rapid HIV tests, including self-tests done at home, are antibody tests. Antibody tests can take three to 12 weeks after you're exposed to become positive.

3)Nucleic acid tests (NATs). These tests look for the actual virus in your blood.They also involve blood drawn from a vein. If you might have been exposed to HIV within the past few weeks, your doctor may recommend NAT. NAT will be the first test to become positive after exposure to HIV.

Diagnosis test for HCV virus-

1)HCV antibody test-detect antibody for HCV virus and produces antibodies in response to virus

2)HCV RNA test-detect presence of RNA of hepatitis c virus in blood

5)Dennis should be concerned and serious about this.also take prevention while testing such a test.wash hand continue with santizer,also check his blood sample.take some primary medication which is completely remove virus from body if it's is not detectable .