Question

J.B. is a 77 year old man who is known to your practice. He is brought in today by his daughter, who reports new onset of confusion accompanied by urinary incontinence. This was first noticed bed was wet a few nights ago. When you see the patient he is oriented to place and person (knows you and your office} but not to time, and not not recall much about events of the last few days.

Answer 1

The patient is showing signs of developing dementia. Urinary incontinence, not able to recall much about events of the last few days means amnesia or loss of memory is developed.

DEMENTIA

Dementia is a condition that is characterized by a decline in memory, language, problem-solving, skills that need to performed daily activities.

Risk of dementia

-age

- genetic factor

- alcoholic

- diabetes

- cardiovascular problem

Causes

- damage in the neuron

- environmental factors like infection, toxin, etc.

- Early depression

Stage of dementia

stage 1: Early-stage: forgetfulness, the decline in work, decline interest in the environment

stage 2: Middle Stage: progressive memory loss, anxiety, irritation, not able to do simple tasks also.

stage 3: Last stage: Urinary incontinence, Feces incontinence, unable to recognize others, not able to walk or stand.

Sign and symptoms

-forgetfulness, poor concentration, amnesia,  confusion about month season, difficulty in learning new skills or idea, misplace things, change in personality, feces or urinary incontinence, etc.

MANAGEMENT

- cholinesterase drug

- antidepressant drugs

prevention

- exercise

- healthy diet

- brain work more

- keep the heart healthy

- improve social activities