Question

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

- Epidemiology
- Mechanism of action
- Clinical Signs
- ARPN implications

Answer 1

Non_Hodgkin Lymphoma, NHL is a cancer that starts in white blood cells called lymphocytes, which are part of the body's immune system.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

The lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of disorders and accounts for up to 3% of all malignancies. In 2019, the American Cancer Society estimates approximately 74,000 cases of NHL are diagnosed in a year.From 2011 to 2015, the incidence case declined to 0.6%

The rate of new cases was 19.6 per 100,000 men and women per year. The death rate is 5.4 per 100,000 men and women per year.

MECHANISM OF ACTION

B_cell lymphoma accounts for approximately 85% of Non_Hodgkin Lymphoma in United States. T_cell lymphomas accounts less than 15% of non hodgkin's lymphomas in the United States. Either precursor or matured cells are involved. The stage of lymphocytes differentiation at which the oncogenic event occurs determines the disease presentation and outcome.

CLINICAL SIGNS

Lymphoma may present with certain non specific signs also. The common clinical signs are

*Lymphoadenopathy or swelling of lymph nodes, is the primary presentation in lymphoma. It is generally painless.

*B symptoms like:Fever, Night sweats and weight loss

*Other symptoms :Anemia, bleeding, increased susceptibility to infections, Fatigue, Loss of appetite, itching, Respiratory distress.

Mouth_Asymptomatic soft swelling, which may or may not be ulcerated.

ARPN IMPLICATIONS

*Educates the patient and relatives regarding the diagnostic workup as well as provide support to them in uncertain times.

*A nurse plays major role in keeping the lines of communication open between the patient and medical team

*Identify the patient psychological condition

*Participation of patient for clinical trials helping to maintain compliance ia a integral part of nurses.

*Engage family and friends in treatment process.

*Manage logistics barriers

*Identification of treatment barriers and works regards to it.