Part one requires qualitative explanations that display your
understanding of the concepts of risk and return. The article of
Simon Hoyle gives some understanding of the concepts of risk and
return. However, it was published in a newspaper where the target
readers were not all educated in finance. You are required to
answer the following questions while providing deeper insights
about the concepts of risk and return than those that are provided
in the article.
Read the article by Simon Hoyle and answer questions
1-4.
Baked beans a lot more predictable than shares BY SIMON
HOYLE
11 March 2006
The Sydney Morning Herald
THE price of a tin of baked beans doesn't change much from day
to day. The price of
a company’s shares, on the other hand, can change quite a lot.
In investment terms, the price of the baked beans isn't as volatile
as the share price.
While you might have a good idea of how much a tin of baked
beans will cost you whenever you go 10 buy one, you can't be as
certain about the price of a share. IBut there are ways you can
make educated guesses about what the price of a share might do over
a period of time. In other words, you can make educated guesses
about the range of likely future outcomes, and hence about likely
future volatility. A common way of measuring an asset's riskiness,
or volatility, is the "standard deviation" of the asset's returns.
Standard deviation is a statistical method of calculating the most
likely range of returns from an asset. It is the method that
analysts use to make long-term predictions from short-term
data.
If you were to plot the returns from an asset on a graph,
where the horizontal axis is the return the asset achieves every
day, week or month, and the vertical axis is the number of times
that return occurs, you'd get what's called a "distribution curve".
This looks like a bell, and for that reason it's also sometimes
known as a bell curve. What a bell curve tells you is that an
asset's returns tend to be clustered around a certain number, and
the further from that number you move along the horizontal axis,
the fewer times the returns tend to crop up.
Calculating the standard deviation of an asset's returns tells
you how far from the average return you have to move in order to
include about two thirds of the range of an asset's returns. Moving
two standard deviations from the average means you can cover about
95 per cent of the range of returns. In other words, you can say,
with a high degree of certainty, what the range of an asset's
returns will be.
"For example, an annualised volatility of 8 per cent together
with an expected return of 20 per cent over the year can be used to
produce an interval of possible return outcomes for the year,"
CommSec says.
"In this example there is an approximately two-thirds chance
that the outcome after one year is 20 per cent, plus or minus 8 per
cent (that is, 12 per cent to 28 per cent), and approximately a 95
per cent chance that the outcome will fall in an interval twice as
wide (that is, 4 per cent to 36 per cent)."
A higher standard deviation means the likely outcomes range a
long way from the average, and a lower standard deviation means the
possible outcomes are more tightly concentrated around the
average.
Apparently, Simon Hoyle's article did not mention what would
happen to the risk if an investor decided to buy more than one
share. Explain how adding new shares to a portfolio can affect the
risk and return of that portfolio. You should use the concepts of
correlation coefficient and the standard deviation in your
explanations.