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1 how many gametes are made after one round of meiosis? 2 Which two processes lead...

1 how many gametes are made after one round of meiosis?

2 Which two processes lead to variations in the genetic makeup of the gametes?

3 How many chromosomes do body cells in humans have? What about gametes?

Solutions

Expert Solution

1. Meiosis is used for just one purpose in the human body: the production of gametes—sex cells called sperm and egg. The gametes are haploid containing n number of chromosomes. The goal of meiosis is to make daughter cells with haploid number of chromosomes as the starting cells. When a sperm and an egg join in fertilization, the two haploid sets of chromosomes form a complete diploid zygote which undergo meiosis I and II to produce 4 daughter cells.

2. cross over and mutation

During prophase of meiosis I, homologous pairs of chromosomes cross over with each other and often exchange chromosome segments. This recombination creates genetic diversity by allowing genes from each parent to form intermix offsprings, resulting in chromosomes with a different genetic traits.

Mutation (accidental or sudden change in genetic make-up) can result in new alleles in a population.

3. In humans, the somatic cells (all other body cells except gametes), contain 46 chromosomes which is the diploid number (2n) and each sperm and egg has 23 chromosomes where one of them is the sex chromosome (X in male and Y in female).

gladiator answered 2 years ago
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