Question

Identify and discuss the five models of affirmative action that are examined in research by David Oppenheimer.

Answer 1

Identify and discuss the five models of affirmative action that are examined in research by David Oppenheimer.

Affirmative action has five models, strict quotas that would favour women or specifically minorities, second model is of preference system, third model is of self examination, the fourth model is of outreach plans, fifth model is of affirmative commitments.

1. The first model is the quota model, which is the most typical model of affirmative action, where some quota or seats of classroom are reserved and kept separate for a lady. Here, women are favoured over men, even when they are more deserving. A minimum of reservation is kept for the minorities, though these plans are not always known to be rejected as being known as non uniform. These plans are generally remedial in nature.

2. In the second model, known as the preference model,, is deifferent from the first model in being flexible from the rigidity point of view. These plans generally have a race or gender perspective but these are also flexible at the same time. An example of this model is the admission plann designed by justice Powell.

3. The self examination model is where there is affirmative action in the form maximum prevalence in the government along with the larger private firms . Here, goals as well as timetables are used such that women and minorities will be included in most of the job categories.

4. In the fourth model, the outreach model, assumes that work forces or schools where lesser minorities are present, is because of insufficient communication or knowledge. This may happen because of the model 3 self examination stating that more of women or minorities would tend to apply, provided they are recruited more vigorously.

5. The fifth model is that of non discrimination, where there are two distinct aspects, where the first one is of non discrimination in order to avoid or stop discrinative actions,. The second is where there is a passive form of non discrimination and these are more distinguished from gender affirmative actions such that these would avoid all forms of discrimination.