Question

After the APGAR score name 4 interventions that are performed on a neonate and the reasons for them. (4 points)

Piaget’s stages of development are subdivided in four levels. Relating to his theories, why is it important to choose toys that are appropriate for children? (4 points)

Name four interventions you can take to prevent accident in early childhood. (4 points)

Name eight objects in a home that are hazards to a toddler. (4 points)

Answer 1

1.Respiratory Evaluation

• With every newborn contact, respiratory evaluation is necessary because this is the highest priority in newborn care.
• The Silverman and Andersen index can assess respiratory distress and its varying degrees.
• There are five criteria to evaluate the newborn: chest movement, intercostals retraction, xiphoid retraction, nares dilatation, and expiratory grunt

• Physical Examination

• Physical examination is done to detect any observable conditions and physical defects.
• This assessment is done quickly by the healthcare provider while noting important findings and at the same time avoids overexposing the newborn.
• The most important assessment before anything else is the respiratory assessment.
• The newborn’s height and weight can determine their maturity and establish a baseline data of their height and weight.
• The newborn is weighed daily at exactly the same time to note any abnormal weight loss or gain.
• Some of the laboratory tests performed for newborns is the heel-stick test for blood studies.
• Glucose measurement is also possible through the heel-stick test to detect hypoglycemia.

SUCTION : to remove mucous after birth

Initiate breast feeding

2. Piaget who identified a strong relation between play and development which could be divided into certain stages. Piaget addresses cognitive development as an internal process and separates out the types of play that occur before and after children learn to combine imagination with action. The earliest forms of play, where no use of imagination occurs, are what Piaget calls ‘practice play’. When the imagination has developed enough, surrounding objects no longer determine the content of play as children are capable of manipulating their meanings through symbolic object transformation (a process which Piaget named ‘symbolic play’). A third stage, according to Piaget is ‘rule play’, in which rules can be either given (as in games), or created spontaneously during play.

3. Accidents in the early child hood may be drowning in the bathroom,swallowing of small objects , falls from height, burns, poisoning etc.

we can do the interventions to prevent these such as

a. Keen observation of child's activities

b. Bathroom and unnecessary doors should be closed always

c. Observe childs play area and toys to avoid swallowing of small objects. If there remove it

d. Should not allow the child to climb upstairs or more height alone

4. a.Sharp Objects.

b.Dangerous Chemicals.

c.Choking Hazards.

d.Stairs & Windows.

e.Electrical Outlets.

f.Doors & Furniture.

g.Playful Pets