Question

After the APGAR score name 4 interventions that are performed on a neonate and the reasons for them.

Piaget’s stages of development are subdivided in four levels. Relating to his theories, why is it important to choose toys that are appropriate for children?

Name four interventions you can take to prevent accident in early childhood.

Answer 1

1. Neonate:

Interventions after APGAR Score:

APGAR score is a zero to ten point score given to newborns based on their APGAR vitals.

A- appearance

P- Pulse

G- Grimace

A- Activity

R- Respiration.

First 1 minute and 5 minutes, the APGAR score should be checked.

Interventions after APGAR score:

(If the babies' score is between 0-3 , he need immediate resuscitation . 4 -6 points : the baby need oxygen supplementation after clearing the airways. 7- 10 ponts: the baby is in good health )

* Dry the baby, use warm blankets to cover the baby and heat lamps:

to prevent heat loss

* Perform Respiratory evaluation and assess respiratory rate, : to check for any respiratory distress , chest movement, intercostal retraction .

* Perform physical examination of the baby : to check for any physical defect baby is having and to measure height and weight of the baby.

- Check the temperature of the baby.

* Place an identification band around the Newborns' arm or leg, that contain mother's full name, date of birth and time and sex .

2. Selection of toys according to Piaget's development:

Piaget's theory of cognitive development , explains 4 stages of development of children. The stages are sensorymotor( 18 - 24 months) Preoperational( 2- 7 years),  concrete operational ( 7 to 12) and Formal operational ( adolescence to adulthood. It is important to choose the toys according to the child's age . The toys should be appropriate for child's interest, skills and their age. Each stage child' s interest and skills are different.

Newborn: Toys should stimulate the baby's senses. It should be colourful, make noise , easy to hold etc.

6 to 12 months : battery operated toys , that run, jump, move , light etc.

Toddlers like musical toys or ride in toys.

Preschool age/ Pre operational stage: Simple board games, construction toys, arts and crafts etc.

School age- adolescence: Dolls, super heroes models, video games, using tablets for playing games and listening music.

3. To prevent accidents in Early childhood:

* Don't keep any lighters or electrical appliances near to child to prevent burns or electrical shock

* Keep sharp things, knives and all out of reach of children.

* Do not allow child to go alone near to the swimming pool or to play ground./ or to bath tubs. Constant monitoring should be there on child to prevent accidents.  

* Don't keep chemicals, cleaning lotions, medicines and other harmful liquids on child's reach.

* lock the windows and keep rails and gates for stairs and balcony.