Question

Please explain ALL of the following

1. Explain Stages of food processing

2. Complete explanation of blood glucose homeostasis

3. Mammalian/human circulatory pathway (path of blood through heart, pulmonary and systemic circuits, where blood is oxygenated and deoxygenated)

4. Mammalian/Human cardiac cycle

5. Dualistic nature of immune system

Answer 1

Que 1

Ans:

Stages of food processing:

There are four stages of food processing:

- Ingestion

- Digestion

- Absorption

- Elimination

Explanation:

Ingestion: It is the process by which food in taken into the alimentary canal.

- Ingestion involves taking food into the mouth.

Digestion:

- Digestion starts in mouth with breakdown of larger pieces of food into smaller particles.

- It involve mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.

- The mechanical processes includes chewing and grinding of food by the teeth and also the churning and mixing of the contents of the stomach.

- The chemical processes involves action of saliva on food.

- Most of the chemical digestive processes occur in the stomach and small intestine where partly digested materials are subjected to gastric juices, pancreatic juice and so on.

Absorption:

- It is also known as Assimilation.

- It is the uptake of fluids or other substances by the tissues of the body.

- Most of the absorption part of the digestive process occurs in the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine.

- The small intestine is lined with villi that greatly increase its surface area for absorption.

Elimination:

- It is the process of excretion of metabolic waste products from the bloods via the kidneys and urinary tract.