Question

Give an example of a situation in which it is important to create a karyotype for an individual. Explain. (2 points)

Genetically speaking, why is it important not to mate with a close relative? Explain. (2 points)

Does a karyotype tell all of a person's genetic characteristics? Explain. (2 points)

Why is a photograph of cells in metaphase utilized when constructing a karyotype? (2 points)

What does it mean to be a carrier of a genetic defective characteristic? When might it be important to know if one is a carrier? (2 points)

10. From the hemophilia procedure: (4 points)
11. 1. What were the possible genotypes of the offspring?
    2. What is the probability of males having hemophilia?
    3. How many females would have hemophilia?
    4. How many carriers would there be?
12. Explain why more males tend to suffer from X-linked disorders than females. (4 points)

The student has a friend that knows the student is taking biology, and she is confused about her blood type. Her blood type is O, but her dad is A and her mother is B. She asks the student if it is possible for her parents to have a child that is O. Explain the answer to her. (4 points)

In a flower garden, the gardener has purple and white pansies. He notices that a new pansy has sprouted. When it finally flowers, the pansy is lavender. Explain how this happened. (4 points)

With a botanist friend's help, the gardener decides to cross the lavender pansy with the white pansy. Will this result in any purple pansies? Explain. (4 points)

Answer 1

Answer 1:

Karyotype can be defined as the general appearance of chromosomes in a typical cell in the body of an individual. Karyotyping is done to look at the full set of chromosomes in the cell. Humans have 23 pairs or chromosomes that is 46 chromosomes. Of this 23 come from each parent. Karyotype will show if there is an extra chromosome, a missing chromosome, a missing arm in a chromosome or an extra bit of a arm, etc.

Various genetic disorders when suspected will need karyotyping to be done. If a parent is known to carry a disease or if a pregnant lady shows certain criteria which increase the risk of the baby to carry a genetic disorder, then this test is needed and generally requested by the attending doctor. Two examples are given below:

Turner Syndrome - A baby girl has missing or a damaged X chromosome from the pair. This girl child may show typical features of stunted height and missed onset of puberty due to non-functioning ovaries, webbed neck (extra skin at the neck, puffiness of hands and feet, high blood pressure, kidney malfunction and skeletal deformities. A karyotype will be done to confirm the disorder.

Klinefelter Syndrome - A baby boy will have an extra X chromosome (XXY) visible on the karyotype. These boys will go through puberty at slower pace and may or may not be able to have children of their own. A doctor will ask for Karyotyping if he notices more than one common signs and symptoms in this teen - taller with longer legs, weak muscles than peers, gynecomastia, shy and sensitive nature and delayed onset of puberty with smaller pen-is and smaller and firmer test-es.

Answer 2:

Genetic disorders are passed down to next generations and depending on type of disorder and the copies of chromosomes carrying the defective gene, the disease may manifest itself or the person remains a carrier without any signs or symptoms. In-breeding or consanguineous marriages leads to concentration of these genes and increase the chances that two carrier person's will pass their defective genes down to the next generation who will have a full blown disease and lead to abnormalities in the future generations.