given a two-level atomic system where level-2 is more energetic than the ground state level-1, what...

given a two-level atomic system where level-2 is more energetic than the ground state level-1, what is the meaning of the expression

dN₂/dt = B₁₂u_vN₁ -B₂₁u_vN₂-A₂₁N₂ when in thermal equilibrium show that A₂₁N_2
+ B₂₁u_vN₂ = B₂₁u_vN₁

Solutions

Expert Solution

genius_generous answered 1 year ago

Next > < Previous

Related Solutions

In the ground state of atomic hydrogen the electron can be pictured as existing some- where...

In the ground state of atomic hydrogen the electron can be pictured as existing some- where within a distance ∆x from the position of the nucleus with ∆x interpreted as the uncertainty in the position of the electron. (a) If ∆x is taken ot be the Bohr radius, calculate the uncertainty in the momentum of the electron. (b) If the uncertainty relation is written as rp = h(bar)?, the energy of the hydrogen atom can be expressed by E(p)=(p^2/2m)-(e^2p/h) Calculate...

Consider a system composed of four harmonic oscillators. The energy of the ground state is E0/2....

Consider a system composed of four harmonic oscillators. The energy of the ground state is E0/2. The distribution of oscillators in each system is described by the set following distributions {Ni}  Distribution I: N0=2, N1=1 N2=1, N3=0  Distribution II: N0=1, N1=3 N2=N3=0  Distribution III: N0=3 N1=N2=0 N3=1 For each distribution, calculate. 1. The energy of each system and the average energy 2. The number of equivalent particle arrangements W that yield equivalent distributions (assume the particles are...

A system consists of 2 kg of carbon dioxide gas initially at state 1, where p1...

A system consists of 2 kg of carbon dioxide gas initially at state 1, where p1 = 1 bar, T1 = 300 K. The system undergoes a power cycle consisting of the following processes: Process 1–2: Constant volume to p2 = 2 bar. Process 2–3: Expansion with pv1.4 = constant. Process 3–1: Constant-pressure compression. Assuming the ideal gas model and neglecting kinetic and potential energy effects, calculate thermal efficiency.

A system consists of 2 kg of carbon dioxide gas initially at state 1, where p1...

A system consists of 2 kg of carbon dioxide gas initially at state 1, where p1 = 1 bar, T1 = 300 K. The system undergoes a power cycle consisting of the following processes: Process 1–2: Constant volume to p2 = 4 bar. Process 2–3: Expansion with pv1.4 = constant. Process 3–1: Constant-pressure compression. Assuming the ideal gas model and neglecting kinetic and potential energy effects, calculate thermal efficiency.

solve tan^2 x =1 where x is more than or equal to 0 but x is less than or equal to pi

solev tan^2 x =1 where x is more than or equal to 0 but x is less than or equal to pi

In a ternary (three level) communications system, 3 is transmitted three times more frequently than a...

In a ternary (three level) communications system, 3 is transmitted three times more frequently than a 1 while a 2 is transmitted two times more frequently than 1. Probability of receiving a 2 when is 1 transmitted is α/2 (same for receiving a 3). Probability of receiving a 1 when 2 is transmitted is β/2 (same for receiving a 3). The probability of receiving a 2 when 3 is transmitted is γ/2 (same for receiving a 1). (a) Draw the...

A flashlamp pumps one third of the atoms of a two-level system into the excited state....

A flashlamp pumps one third of the atoms of a two-level system into the excited state. a. Will it lase? b. If the same flashlamp pumps a three-level system with the same saturation intensity, what fraction of the atoms will be excited into level 2? c. Will it lase? d. What about a four-level system? e. Which of these systems will lase if the pump intensity is much larger than the saturation intensity?

Question 1. Explain, on the atomic level, the physical mechanism underlying two of the three forms...

Question 1. Explain, on the atomic level, the physical mechanism underlying two of the three forms of magnetic materials described in the text, paramagnetic, diamagnetic, and Ferromagnetic. 2. Aluminum is paramagnetic. Why won't a typical refrigerator magnet stick to an aluminum can? 3. Describe how bar magnets produce a force on each other

For the following questions please use more detail than the band theory explanation. 1a) What atomic...

For the following questions please use more detail than the band theory explanation. 1a) What atomic energy levels combine to form the valence band?? Please specify the specific energy levels; a diagram will help! 1b) What atomic energy level combine to form the conduction band?? Please specify the specific energy levels and a diagram!! 1c) If there is a relatively low concentration of an ionic impurity in an insulator how does its electronic structure appear in the band structure of...

Q.1 A security system uses a 2-letter password, but no letter can be used more than...

Q.1 A security system uses a 2-letter password, but no letter can be used more than once. How many possible passwords are there if 15 of the letters of the alphabet can be used by the system? (Use these numbers for this question only!) For this question indicate only what the value of N is? Q2. A security system uses a 5-letter password, but no letter can be used more than once. How many possible passwords are there if 25...

Subjects