Question

1. How is the wall of the stomach different from the wall of the esophagus?
2. Describe the gross anatomy of the large intestine.
3. List the modifications of the intestinal wall that increase surface area.
4. How is chronic heartburn associated with esophageal cancer?
5. A baby is born with esophageal atresia, an incomplete connection between the esophagus and the stomach. What will most likely happen to the infant if this defect is not corrected?

Answer 1

Question no 1

The esophagus

The esophagus is the part through , which the food passes from the pharynx to the stomach of the individual , it is about 25 cm in the length as well as the width varies from about 1.5 to about 2 cm . The esophagus Specifically lies behind that of the trachea and the heart of the individual and in front of our bodies spinal column The esophagus of our body contains mainly of four layers that is the —the mucosa the second is , submucosa the third is , muscularis, and the final is tunica adventitia. The mucosa is the structure that is made up of the stratified squamous epithelium that Specifically contain many mucous glands in them. The submucosa is the next part that is thick .. Together the mucosa as well as the submucosa form the long longitudinal folds of the esophagus , so that Specifically a cross section of the part opening would look like a star in shape. The muscularis Specifically is composed of the inner layer, in that the circular fibers are seen , and another outer layer of the longitudinal fibres. Both the muscle group are seen Specifically wound around and also along the alimentary tract of the human body. The outemost layer of our esophagus that is , the tunica adventitia, is Specifically composed of the loose fibrous tissue that will connects the esophagus of the body with that of the neighbouring structures.

Stomach

The muscles of our human stomach wall are very well arranged in about three layers, or in 3 coats. The external coat is , known as the longitudinal muscle layer of our body , it is continuous with that of the longitudinal muscle coat of our esophagus in body . The Longitudinal muscle fibres in there are divided at the cardia of the stomach into very 2 broad strips . The one that is on the right is , the stronger one that will , spreads out to cover the lesser curvature as well as the adjacent posterior as well as the anterior walls of our stomach. The Longitudinal fibres that are present on the left radiate from our esophagus that is seen over the dome of the fundus of our stomach to cover the greater curvature of our stomach and will continue on to the pylorus part , where they will join the longitudinal fibres of the stomach that is coming down over the other side that is the lesser curvature.

The middle, or the Specific circular muscular layer which is the strongest of all the 3 muscular layers of the stomach that , completely will covers the stomach of the individual. The circular fibres of the coat are the very best developed layer that is seen in the lower portion of our stomach in , particular over the antrum as well as the pylorus. At the pyloric end of our human stomach, the circular muscle layer will becomes highly thickened to begin the the pyloric sphincter of the stomach .

The innermost layer of the smooth muscle of stomach that is know as the oblique muscular layer, is the strongest in that Specific region of our fundus and it is progressively weaker as it moves to the pyloris