Question

Describe the major differences between the stomach wall and the wall of the esophagus.

Name the various cellular components in the formed elements and provide at least one feature for each of them.

Answer 1

1.Difference between the stomach wall and the wall of the oesophagus

The oesophagal wall consist of three main layers which are - mucosa,submucosa,muscularis and adventitia. The mucosa is composed of surface epithelim, lamina propria and glands.Followed by submucosal layer is made up of connective tissues, blood vessels and glands.In the middle of the oesophagal wall ,there is muscularis layer which is segmented into three subparts -upper region is made up of striated muscles,middle region is made up of smooth and striated muscles and the lower region is smooth muscles.The inner layer is adventitia which is purely made up of connective tissues.

The stomach wall also have four main layers but have distinct feature than oesophagal wall. The layers are - serosa, muscularis,submucosa and mucosa.The serosa is covered with the tela subserosa. The muscularis region consists of three muscle layers -outer longitudinal, middle circular and inner oblique muscles.These muscle helps in formation of chyme by the breaking and mixing action and push them to duodenum. After the submucosa layer, there is mucosal layer which consists of lamina propria,epithelium ,gastric glands ,gastric pits and villi.

2. Cellular components of formed elements - Erythrocytes (red blood cells), lymphocytes(white blood cells) and thrombocytes (platelets).

Erythrocyte - It is red coloured ,round in structure travels in the bloodstream and carry oxygen from the lung and return the CO2 to the lung for expiration.

Lymphocytes - It is recognized by the presence of nucleus that stain dark purple and contains small cytoplasm. It includes components of immune system that is natural killer cells,T and b cells and lymphocytes are 25% of the white cells in blood.

Thrombocytes - It is small in size almost 20 % of the size of red blood cells and helps in formation of blood clott thus prevents bleeding.