Question

In 1963, Maarten Schmidt of the California Institute of Technology found the most distant object that had ever been seen in the universe so far. Called 3C273, it emitted electromagnetic radiation with a power of 2×1013 Suns, or 100 times that of the entire Milky Way galaxy! Schmidt called 3C273 a "Quasi-Stellar Radio Source," a name that was soon shortened to "quasar." Since then, astronomers have found many quasars, some substantially more powerful and distant than 3C273. Quasar 3C273 is moving away from Earth at about speed 0.16c. The Sun is 1.5×1011mfrom Earth and emits energy at a rate of 3.8×1026J/s caused by the conversion of 4.3×109kg/s of mass into light and other forms of electromagnetic energy. The Hubble constant is
H=70.8km/sMpc=70.8103m/s3.09×1022m==22.9×10−19s−1

Estimate the mass of 3C273 that is converted to light and other forms of radiation each minute. By comparison, the mass of Earth is 6×1024kg.

express your answer in Kg

Answer 1

The sun emits power of 3.8 X 10²⁶ J/s

3C273 quasar emits power 2 X 10¹³ times that of the sun

therefore, power emitted by the quasar 3C273 = 2 X 10¹³ X 3.8 X 10²⁶ J/s = 7.6 X 10³⁹ J/s

This power comes from the mass that is converted to light and other forms of electromagnetic energy.

Using Einstein's equation

where, is the mass that is being converted to energy and c is the speed of light and E is the energy,

and as power is energy per unit time,

the power emitted by the quasar 3C273 can be written as:

where, is the rate at which the mass of quasar 3C273 is being converted to energy, we get:

putting P = 7.6 X 10³⁹ J/s and c = 3 X 10⁸ m/s,

this is the mass conversion rate per second. So in a minute, the amount of mass converted to energy is:

therefore each minute, 5.066 X 10²⁴kg of mass of 3C273 is converted to light and other forms of radiation.

----------------X--------------------X---------------------X---------------------X---------------------

If you find this answer helpful, please give it a thumbs up. Thank you.