Question

Address the following areas including detailed speaker notes. The speaker notes area is the white space below the slide where you can type information similar to a Microsoft Word document. Your Microsoft PowerPoint presentation consists of professional color slides, with detailed speaker notes to include examples to support each slide.

Describe four forms of communication used in the work environment. Discuss the benefits and concerns with each communication method. For example, body language, written, oral, and e-mail.

Describe four methods of learning and listening. How does a person learn (auditory, visual, etc.) if he or she has a preferred method? How can the person adjust to learning in ways not in his or her preferred method?

What environmental and personal barriers hinder communication? Be specific and provide at least three examples.

What impact can diversity in the work environment have on effective and ineffective communication according to age, gender, cultural, or religious diversity?

What three errors do managers commit when providing ineffective feedback?

Describe three issues managers and team members face if they are not prepared to provide instant communication? What negative result can occur if one is not prepared?

Describe four methods to overcome communication barriers and provide detailed examples.

Provide three key elements with specific examples on how effective communication can reduce errors, improve professional relationships, and assist staff with clear communication.

Answer 1

FORMS OF COMMUNICATION:

1) Verbal communication:

It uses spoken or written words .verbal language is the code that conveys specific meaning through combination of words.The important aspects of verbal communication are vocabulay,denotative and connotative meaning,pacing,intonation,clarity and brevity , timing and relevance.

2) Non verbal communication:

It includes all of the five senses of and everything that does not involve the spoken or written word.Personal appearance,posture and gait, facial expression, eye contact, gestures , sonds , territorality and personal space are the parts of this form of communication.

3) Symbolic communication:

In this form the worbal non verbal symbolisms are used to convey meaning.Art and music are the forms of symbolic communication used by the nurse to enhance understanding and promote healing.

4) Therapeutic communication:

Therapeutic commnication techniques are specific responses that encourage the expression of feelings and ideas and convey acceptance and respect.The health care professional uses this form to promte health of the client effectively.

METHODS OF LEARNING:

By modes of learning we mean the different ways in which we learn things. These ways take some definite forms which describe as types of learning. By types of learning we do not mean what we learn, that is, habits, facts or skills but the different ways of learning habits, facts and skills.

The main modes of learning are:

1. Learning by Trial and Error:

When we are placed in a new situation or face a new problem, we have to seek solutions which we are not able to perceive in the beginning. We make random attempts or movements. We engage ourselves in various activities. Some of these movements are successful, others are not. In some of those activities we succeed and in others we fail. This is all by chance, by trying again and again and making errors. The right response to the situation is not the result of deliberation but mostly a matter of chance. When a child is learning to eat with a spoon, to walk or put on shoes, she makes random movements at first. Gradually the number of random movements is reduced along with errors and finally the goal is reached.

Thus improvement takes place through repetition. In this kind of learning which is very common in animals, 'there is assumed to be at first nothing but random, aimless reaction, but in which there emerges after a time a chance correct response that finally is stamped into the neuromuscular system of the animal.

This mode of learning is slow, wasteful and unintelligent. This is more time and greater energy than higher types of learning.

2. Learning by Insight:

It is a typical human learning. This involves mental exploration and understanding of what is being learned. It implies some insight and awareness of the consequences of performing an act. The learner perceives the relations which the problem involves or the significant characteristics of the situation by using his intelligence. He uses his past learning and his ability to generalise from one situation to another.

3. Learning by Observation:

Among human beings learning need not occur through direct experience or simply by trial and error. A child who sees her friend being scolded for throwing things can learn not to do it himself. Much of our social behaviour is learnt by observing and imitating others. By the age of 9 months infants will imitate play behaviours.

4. Learning by Conditioning.

Many of our simplest learned activities are conditioned responses, such as sucking at the sight of the milk bottle, making grimaces and withdrawing at the sight of distasteful medicine, smiling in response to another's smile etc. It is the learning of sequences or by associations. It is a process in which a response or action due to some original stimulus. Let us take an example. The child does not suck at the sight of the bottle first. It sucks only when the nipple is placed in its mouth. But if the sight of the bottle always precede stimulation of the mouth and thus the sucking response itself, after a few views of the bottle, the sight of the bottle itself will bring out the sucking response. We then say that sucking has been conditioned. This sucking is the conditioned response to the nipple being put in the mouth. The nipple in the mouth is the natural or original stimulus whereas the sight of the bottle is the artificial stimulus. A child shrinks from and rejects a disagreeable medicine. This is his natural response or `unlearned behaviour'. But if every time the child is given the disagreeable medicine, he is also given something he likes, he will learn not to reject the medicine. Not rejecting the medicine is a conditioned response, which he had acquired because of the association between the medicine and the sweets.

TYPES OF LISTENING:

Lstening includes "taking in" what a client says , aswell as an interpretation and understanding of what the client is sayingand giving back that understanding to the person talking.

1) Therapeutic listening:

It involves attempting to understand the feelings and emotions of the speaker.It involves more than being compassionate or feeling sorry for somebody else. it also includes deeper connection and realisation of another person's point of view.Most of therapist and health care personnel use this type of listening for counselling , guidance and health teaching in order to encourage the client to explain and elaborate their problem.

2) Active listening:

It is the ability to process information, analyze it, recall it at a later time, and draw conclusions from it, but “active listening” hears the feelings of the speaker first and processes information secondarily. Active listening skills are necessary in effective communication.Active listening is particularly useful when you sense your client has a problem-anger, resentment, loneliness, discouragement, frustration, hurt.But in active listening you catch what has been said and then restate what you think the feeling is, not the facts of what has been said.

3) Informational Listening:

This method focuses on the ability of an individual to understand the message of a speaker.Whenever you listen to learn something you are engaged in informational listening.This is true in many day today situations, education , work places, when you listened to the news , watvch a documentary, when a client is telling you about his/her disease condition etc.

4) Critical listening:

It is a rational process of evaluating arguments put forward by others .This method use analysis, critical thinking and judgement.Many day-to-day decisions that we make are based on some form of ‘critical’ analysis, whether it be critical listening, reading or thought. Our opinions, values and beliefs are based on our ability to process information and formulate our own feelings about the world around us as well as weigh up the pros and cons to make an informed decision. It is often important, when listening critically, to have an open-mind and not be biased by stereotypes or preconceived ideas. By doing this you will become a better listener and broaden your knowledge and perception of other people and your relationships.