Question

True or False:

1. Chlorination is an effective means of protecting public drinking water from contamination by all potential pathogens        

2. A secondary infection is one that can often be characterized as an opportunist.

3. Globally most cases of HIV have been acquired heterosexually.

4. The use of microorganisms for bioremediation is strongly dependent on the biotechnological manipulation of the organisms.

5. Latency refers to the maintenance of an infectious agent in a dormant state.

6. The relationship between legume plants and their root nodule symbionts is an example of obligate mutualism.

7. Crop rotation is an important agricultural practice the can boost soil fertility and increase crop yields.

8. Symptoms are objective, measurable changes in body function due to disease.

9. Carbon fixation refers to the conversion of CO₂ to organic molecules by the action of photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs.       

10. One of the important mechanisms whereby the indigenous microbiome protects against pathogens is microbial antagonism.

Answer 1

1. Chlorination is an effective means of protecting public drinking water from contamination by all potential pathogens -----TRUE

Chlorination is the process of adding chlorine to drinking water to disinfect it and kill germs. Different processes can be used to achieve safe levels of chlorine in drinking water. Chlorine is available as compressed elemental gas, sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) or solid calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2 . In particular, chlorination is used to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid.While protecting against microbial contamination is the top priority, water systems must ... Chlorine disinfectants reduce many disagreeable tastes and odors.

2. A secondary infection is one that can often be characterized as an opportunist.---TRUE

A secondary infection is an infection that occurs during or after treatment for another infection. It may be caused by the first treatment or by changes in the immune system. Two examples of a secondary infection are: A vaginal yeast infection after taking antibiotics to treat an infection caused by bacteria.

An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protozoa) that take advantage of an opportunity not normally available, such as a host with a weakened immune system, an altered microbiota (such as a disrupted gut microbiota), or breached integumentary barriers.

The opportunistic infections associated with AIDS are a good example of the types of secondary infections that occur when a disease modifies the immune response. 1 They occur because the body is no longer able to fight off bacteria or viruses that a healthy immune system can normally repel.

3.  Globally most cases of HIV have been acquired heterosexually.------TRUE

A heterosexual person is attracted to people of the opposite sex. Africa is the continent that has been most affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. ... AIDS cases, 91% are estimated to have been heterosexually acquired .

4. The use of microorganisms for bioremediation is strongly dependent on the biotechnological manipulation of the organisms.--TRUE

Bioremediation is highly involved in degradation, eradication, immobilization, ... is very impressive and they can easily grow in a wide range of environmental conditions. ... The application of bioremediation as a biotechnological process.

Bioremediation is defined as a process that uses microorganisms or their enzymes to treat polluted sites for regaining their original condition.

Bioremediation is a branch of biotechnology employing the use of living organisms like microbes and bacteria to remove contaminants, pollutants, and toxins from soil and water. Bioremediation may be used to clean up environmental problems such as oil spills, or contaminated groundwater