Question

Pharmacological management of glaucoma focuses on the reduction of intraocular pressure by increasing the drainage of aqueous humour, decreasing the production, or both. What drug classes are used to reduce intraocular pressure? Describe three nursing interventions to consider with these drug classes.

Answer 1

What drug classes are used to reduce intraocular pressure?

Most medications for glaucoma are intended to lower as well as control intraocular weight (IOP), which can harm the optic nerve that transmits visual data to the cerebrum.

Glaucoma eye drops frequently are the main decision over glaucoma surgery and can be exceptionally successful at controlling IOP. In the event that your eye specialist feels you are a decent contender for glaucoma eye drops, you might be endorsed more than one sort to accomplish the best IOP control.

Kinds of Glaucoma Eye Drops

Glaucoma eye drops are characterized by the dynamic fixing compound that helps influence the medication to work. Additionally, a large number of the glaucoma eye drops recorded here are accessible in non specific structures at your drug store.

Prostaglandins. These glaucoma eye drops frequently have the best client consistence since they are required just once every day. Prostaglandins by and large work by unwinding muscles in the eye's inside structure to permit better outpouring of liquids, accordingly diminishing development of eye weight.

Conceivable reactions incorporate stinging and consuming, eye shading change, and stretching and twisting of the eyelashes.

FDA-endorsed prostaglandins incorporate Xalatan (Pfizer), Lumigan (Allergan), Travatan Z (Alcon) and Rescula (Novartis).

Different glaucoma eye drops are grouped by the dynamic fixing substance that helps influence the medication to work.

Beta-blockers. Utilized as a part of an assortment of glaucoma eye drops, beta-blockers were at one time the medications of first decision in treating glaucoma. These medications work by diminishing liquid (watery) generation in the eye and now are frequently recommended as an assistant to or in mix with prostaglandins.

These eye drops can possibly lessen heart rate and may cause unfriendly reactions in people with certain heart issues, lung issues, (for example, emphysema), diabetes, misery or different conditions. Therefore, ensure you talk about your restorative history in detail with your eye specialist before utilizing beta-blockers.

Cases of beta-blockers utilized as a part of glaucoma treatment are Timoptic XE (Merck), Istalol (ISTA) and Betoptic S (Alcon).

Alpha-adrenergic agonists. These medications work by diminishing rate of fluid funniness creation and can be utilized alone or in mix with other hostile to glaucoma eye drops.

Basic symptoms related with this grouping of eye drop incorporate red or ragged looking eyes (visual infusion), upper top rise, an augmented (expanded) student and tingling. The FDA-affirmed medicates in this class incorporate Iopidine (Alcon), Alphagan (Allergan). what's more, Alphagan-P (Allergan).

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. These medications work by diminishing rate of watery amusingness generation. They are generally utilized as a part of blend with other hostile to glaucoma eye drops and not the only one. This arrangement of medication is likewise utilized as a part of oral shape (pills). Regular symptoms experienced with this arrangement of eye drop incorporate consuming, an unpleasant taste, eyelid responses and eye redness (visual infusion).

The FDA-affirmed eye drops in this class incorporate Trusopt (Merck) and Azopt (Alcon). The fundamental (pill) type of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI) are Diamox (Sigma), Neptazane (Wyeth-Ayerst) and Daranide (Merck, Sharp, and Dohme). About portion of patients can't endure oral CAIs because of their foundational reactions, which incorporate exhaustion, sadness, loss of hunger, weight reduction, loss of drive, kidney stones, metallic taste and shivering in fingers and toes (fringe neuropathies).

Parasympathomimetics. These medications work by expanding the outpouring of watery funniness from the eye. They are often used to control IOP in limit point glaucoma. These eye drops make the understudy tighten, which helps with opening the limited or blocked edge where seepage happens.

Regular reactions experienced with these kinds of eye drops incorporate temples hurt, understudy choking, consuming, and lessened night vision. FDA-endorsed medicates in this class incorporate pilocarpine, carbachol, echothiophate and demecarium.

Nursing Interventions:

• Make sure to direct cycloplegic eyedrops in the influenced eye as it were. In the influenced eye, these drops may hasten an assault of edge conclusion glaucoma and undermine the patient's lingering vision.
• After trabeculectomy, give solutions as requested to enlarge pupila.
• Apply topical corticostroids as requested to rest the understudy.
• After surgery, ensure the influenced eye by applying an eye fix and eye shield.
• Position the patient on his back or unaffected side, and following general security measures.
• Regulate torment prescriptions as requested.
• Support ambulation quickly after surgery.
• Urge the patient to express his worries identified with having a ceaseless condition.
• Screen the patient's capacity to see unmistakably. Question the patient frequently about the event of visual changes.
• Screen the patient's intra-occular weights.
• Stress the significance of careful consistence with recommended sedate treatment.
• Educate the patient's family how to change the patient's condition for security.
• Instruct the patient the signs and indications that require quick medicinal consideration, for example, sudden vision change or eye torment.