Question

In: Computer Science

a. Critique on the switching techniques a) circuit switching and b) packet switching with a scenario...

a. Critique on the switching techniques a) circuit switching and b) packet switching with a scenario example.

b. Illustrate the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for VoIP in your own words with appropriate diagram.

c. Explain the procedure and significance of the presence service elements with an appropriate usage case.

Solutions

Expert Solution

  • a)In circuit switching ,each data unit knows the entire path address which is provided by the source.
  • There are Three phases:Connection Establishment,Data Transfer,Connection Released.
  • In circuit switching data is processed at source system only.
  • Delay between data units in circuit switching is uniform.
  • Resource reservation is the feature of circuit switching because path is fixed for data transmission.
  • It is more reliable.
  • Transmission of the data is done by the source.
  • Congestion can occur during connection establishment time.
  • In Circuit Switching ,charge depends on time and distance ,not on traffic in the network.
  • Telephone system network is the one of the example of Circuit Switching.TDM(Time Division Multiplexing) and FDM(Frequency Division Multiplexing)are two methods of multiplexing multiple signals into a single carrier.
  • Packet Switching:Here directly data transfer takes place.
  • Each data unit just knows the final destination address intermediate path is decided by the routers.
  • Data is processed at all intermediate node including source system.
  • Delay between data units in packet switching is not uniform.
  • There is no resource reservation because bandwidth is shared among users.
  • It is less reliable.
  • Transmission of the data is done not only by the source,but also by the intermediate routers.
  • congestion can occur during data transfer phase,large number of packets comes in no time.
  • Here charge is based on the number of bytes and connection time.
  • Here the message comprises of four packets A,B,C and D,which may follow different routes from the sender to the receiver.
  • b)Session Initiation Protocol:is one of the most common protocols used in VoIP technology.It is an application layer protocol that works in conjunction with other application layer protocols to control multimedia communication sessions over the Internet.
  • This figure depicts how a VoIP call takes place.
  • VoIP is a technology that allows users to deliver voice and multimedia content over the Internet.It is one of the cheapest way to communicate anytime ,anywhere with the Internets availability.
  • For a VoIP call ,all that is needed is a computer/laptop/mobile with internet connectivity.
  • SIP is an application layer protocol.It is a simple network signalling protocol for creating and terminating sessions with one or more participants.
  • It is text based,so that anyone can read a SIP message passed between the endpoints in a SIP session.
  • c)Presence is defined as the willingness and ability of a user to communicate with other users on the network.Earlier,presence has been limited to "on-line" and "off-line" indicators,the notion of presence here is broader.Subscription and notifications of presence are supported by defining an event package within the general SIP event notification framework.This protocol is also compliant with the Common Presence Protocol(CPP) framework.Presence also known as presence information,conveys the ability and willingness of a user to communicate across a set of devices.A presence protocol is a protocol for providing a presence service over the Internet or any IP network.

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