Question

1. Define hunger, appetite, satiation, and satiety and describe how each influences food intake.

2. Describe each component of energy expenditure. What factors influence each? How can energy expenditure be estimated?

3. Distinguish between body weight and body composition.

4.  How do fat cells develop?

5. What are problems associated with being overweight? Underweight?

6. What factors contribute to a person being overweight or obese?

7. Explain the roles of water in the body.

8. How is blood volume and blood pressure maintained?

Answer 1

1.

Hunger and appetite are existed in high life forms to regulate adequate energy for the metabolic activities.

whereas, satiation and satiety are the conditions, feeling full or satisfied after eating.

so, whenever feeling hunger, intake of food will be high in order to supply the energy and which is controlled by the brain to take sufficient amounts (if the person has the good appetite).

satiation and satiety are the conditions after eating sufficient amount of food and which is also sensed by the brain in order to control the high intake of food.

2.

Energy expenditure is composed of 3 major components such as,

resting metabolic rate (RMR)

the thermic effect of feeding (TEF)

the thermic effect of activity (TEA)

Resting metabolic rate constitutes 60-75% of daily expenditure.

the thermic effect of feeding constitutes 10% of daily expenditure

the thermic effect of activity constitutes daily 15-30% of daily activity.

3.

A body composition breaks down the body weight into 3 main components such as fat, body mass (muscle, bone, and organs) and water. So, body weight refers to the total body weight of an organism. Whereas the body composition is not directly the total body weight, it is a composition of 3 components (fat, body mass and organs).