Question

write two pages presentation about accelerator physics.

Answer 1

Particle accelerators come in many forms applying a variety of technical principles. All are based on the interaction of the electric charge with static and dynamic electromagnetic fields and it is the technical realization of these interactions that leads to the different types of particle accelerators. Electromagnetic fields are used over most of the available frequency range from static electric fieldsto ac magnetic fields in betatrons oscillating at 50 or 60 Hz, to radio frequency fields in the MHz to GHz range and ideas are being explored to use laser beams to generate high field particle acceleration.

Particle accelerators consist of two basic units, the particle source or injector and the main accelerator. The particle source comprises all components to generate a beam of desired particles.

Generally glow discharge columns are used to produce proton or ion beams, which then are first accelerated in electrostatic accelerators like a Van de Graaff or Cockcroft-Walton accelerator and then in an Alvarez-type linear accelerator. To increase the energy of heavy ion beams the initially singly charged ions are, after some acceleration, guided through a thin metal foil to strip more electrons off the ions. More than one stripping stage may be used at different energies to reach the maximum ionization for most efficient acceleration.