Question

In your own words (and with the aid of a figure), describe the products of the natural and artificial reactions catalysed by the enzyme. Include in your answer, the special name of the bond that is broken in this type of reaction. Which additional molecule is required to complete this task.

Answer 1

ENZYME CATALYSIS

Enzyme catalysis is the increase in the rate of a process by a biological molecule , an "enzyme". Most enzymes are protiens, and most such processes are chemical reactions. Within the enzyme, generally catalysis occurs at a localized site, called the active site.

Most enzymes are made predominantly of protiens, either a single protien chain or many such chains in a multi-subunit complex. Enzymes often also incorporate non-protein components, such as metal ions or specialized organic molecules known as cofactor (adenosine triphosphate). Many cofactors are vitamins, and their role as vitamins are directly linked to their use in the catalysis of biological process within metabolism . Catalysis of biochemical reactions in the cell is vital since many but not all metabolically essential reactions have very low rates when uncatalysed. One driver of protein evolution is the optimization of such catalytic activities, although only the most crucial enzymes near catalytic efficiency limits, and many enzymes are far from optimal. Important factors in enzyme catalysis include general acid and base catalysis, orbital steering, entropic restriction, orientation effects, as well as motional effects involving protein dynamics.

EXAMPLES OF SPECIFIC ENZYMES

• Lipase - a group of enymes that help digest the fat in the gut
• Amylase - helps change starches into sugars. Amylase is found in saliva.
• Maltase - also found i saliva; break the sugar maltose into glucose. maltose is found in foods such as potatoes, pasta, and beer.
• Trypsin - found in the small intestine, breaks proteins down into amino acids.
• Lactase - also found in the small intestine, breaks lactose , the sugar in milk, into glucose and galactose.
• Acetylcholinesterase - breDaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in nerves and muscles.
• Helicase - unravels DNA
• DNA polymerase - synthesize DNA from deoxyribonucleotide.
• Invertase - helps to convert sucrose into glucose and fractose
• Zymase - helps to convert glucose into ethylalcohol and co2
• Lactobacilli -yes, lactobacillus also act as enzyme in converting milk to curd