Question

Racial Discriminations in the justice system ( this is a research paper in English 6 pages please)

Answer 1

The U.S. criminal justice system is the biggest in the world. At the end of 2015, more than 6.7 million people were under some sort of correctional supervision in the United States, including 2.2 million in federal, state , or local jails and prisons. The U.S. is a global leader in its rate of imprisonment, reducing the rate of almost any other nation.

In 2016, Black Americans accounted for 27 per cent of all individuals arrested in the United States doubling their share of the total population Black youth accounted for 15 per cent of all U.S. children, yet made up 35 per cent of all juvenile arrests that year. What might at first appear to be a link between race and crime is largely due to concentrated urban poverty, which is far more closely related. This accounts for a large portion of African Americans' increased probability of committing such violent and property crimes.

Yet, although there is a higher incidence of black participation in certain crimes, white Americans overestimate the proportion of crimes committed by blacks and Latinos, neglect the fact that colored groups are overwhelmingly victims of crime, and underestimate the existence of racism in the criminal justice system.

Pre-trial detention has been shown to increase the likelihood of conviction, and those held pending trial are often more likely to take less favorable plea agreements, to be sentenced to jail and to obtain longer sentences. Seventy percent of pre-trial releases require money bond, a particularly high hurdle for low-income defendants who are disproportionately colorful. Blacks and Latinos are more likely than whites to be denied bail, to have a higher money bond package, and to be held because they can not pay their bonds. They are also classified as having higher safety and travel risks because they are more likely to face socio-economic disadvantages and to have criminal records.

Prosecutors are more likely to prosecute people of color with crimes that carry more serious penalties than whites. Federal prosecutors, for example, are twice as likely to charge African Americans with offenses with a mandatory minimum sentence as whites in similar locations. State prosecutors are also more likely to charge black than similar white defendants under the usual offender law.

The United States is set to significantly end the war on drugs. Specifically, the Department of Justice will reassess and that the number of low-level drug offenders charged in the federal court. State authorities may also introduce changes to the law aimed at diverting prison-bound offenders into successful alternatives to incarceration programmes. Local police departments should significantly reduce drug arrests. Money saved from rising the amount of convictions will be invested in evidence-based opioid prevention and recovery initiatives.

Denying the right to vote for an entire class of people is profoundly problematic for a democratic society and detrimental for successful re-entry. The federal government will require Americans to vote irrespective of the status of their convictions, and definitely after their sentences are over. States should also allow their citizens to participate fully in democracy. Government officials should also revise policies that do not serve a public safety function but have collateral implications for people with criminal convictions such as employment, education , housing and the social security network and encourage similar reforms in the private sector.