Question

Animal Nutrition Questions:

5) List and explain four nutritional or immunological differences between milks from a female mammal that has an epitheliochorial placenta and an altricial baby verses a female that has a haemochorial placenta and a precocial baby?

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6) List 3 strategies for nutritional support to improve exercise performance of an animal. For each one, give the metabolic/physiologic basis.

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Answer 1

6) 1) Cinnamon extract has been reported to reduce circulating glucose, insulin, triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations through enhancement of insulin signalling mediated via the regulation of the expression of multiple genes related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. Cinnamon extracts can reduce fasting plasma glucose concentrations in diabetic patients with poor glycaemic control. Cinnamon may have pharmacological benefits for treatment of diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity. Recently, diet supplementation with 1.25% cinnamon in the finisher phase of pigs improved insulin sensitivity.

2) Dietary betaine supplementation can act as a carcass modifier by increasing carcass muscle and decreasing fat depths in pigs. As betaine can act as a methyl donor during its conversion into glycine, it can provide substrates for re-methylation into methionine and thus replace a portion of an animal’s methionine requirement and provide additional substrates for protein synthesis.

3)Consumed water exerts effects on animal comfort by direct cooling in the reticulorumen and by serving as the primary vehicle for heat transfer and dissipation through sweating and panting.

5)1)Mothers with precocial babies invest heavily in producing large quantities of high quality milk to ensure the rapid maturation of their young.

2) Mothers with precocial infants produce milk with low fat content, high in sugars, producing more energy to babies whereas mothers of altricial infants produce high fat content milk and satiates their baby for longer periods.