Question

Explain similarities and differences between animal viruses and bacteriphages, also use HIV as an example of its similarities and differences in replication.

Answer 1

stage	bacteriophages(bacteria infecting viruses)	Animal viruses
attachment and entry	tail fibres attach to cell wall through protein and then it injects the viral nucleic acid into the bacteria	attaches via surface glycoproteins to plasma membrane receptors on host cell surface eg CD45 in HIV, virus entry is through membrane fusion of endocytosis etc.
uncoating	protein coat remain outside thus not required	enzymatic degradation
biosynthesis	in bacterial cytoplasm no such specific enzyme requires for making RNA	in nucleus (DNA viruses) and in cytoplasm (RNA viruses) some viruses like HIV requires reverse transcriptase system for making RNA.
chronic infection	lysogeny	latency, slow infections like HIV which takes 10-12 years in most cases to generate symptoms in some case, usually longer incubation period.
release	lysis of host cell	budding in enveloped viruses, non enveloped viruses rupture plasma membrane.