In: Economics
Define what are the political and legal environment in Ukraine country. Explain both only according to chapter 3 of book international business environment and operations 6th edition by Daniel ,Radebaugh,sullivan. please write down minimum 700 words with references where you collect information?
how much time you should take more?
1.Plitical Framework
Current political leaders
President: Volodymyr Zelensky (since
20 May 2019)
Prime Minister: Volodymyr Groysman (since 14 April 2016)
Next Election Dates
Presidential:March,2024
Supreme Council: July 2024
Current Political Context
In a climate of great distrust of
the population with regard to the corruption and the slowness of
reforms, the actor and television producer Volodymyr Zelensky won
the presidential election in April 2019, winning more than 73% of
the votes in the second round against outgoing president Petro
Poroshenko. The latter was criticised for his poor record of
reforms mandated by the IMF, the least progress in the fight
against corruption and the lack of progress with regard to the
conflict in eastern Ukraine (Donbass). During his campaign,
Zelensky promised to tackle the latter two issues first. It called
legislative elections in July 2019, in which he obtained an
absolute majority allowing it to carry out his reforms.
In Paris on December 9, 2019, under the mediation of French and
German leaders, Mr. Macron and Ms. Merckel, for the first time in
three years, the Russian and Ukrainian presidents met to discuss
the Donbass issue. This interview allowed a certain thaw in
Russian-Ukrainian relations and prisoner exchanges took place. On
December 27, 2019, a tripartite meeting between Ukraine, Russia and
the EU took place in Minsk, leading to the renewal for five years
of the contract binding Gazprom and Naftogaz governing the transit
of gas from Russia to the EU by Ukraine. The Russian giant Gazprom
has pledged to pay 2.9 billion USD to its Ukrainian counterpart
Naftogaz, in accordance with the decision taken in February 2018 by
the Stockholm arbitration court. However, Russia has not canceled
its Nord Stream 2 pipeline project linking Russia and Germany and
doubling the capacities of Nord Stream 1, which would cause revenue
losses for Ukraine of around 3 billion USD per year. Despite the
late US sanctions, the project has started.
The end of 2019 was also marked by the historic impeachment process
against US President Donald Trump. The latter is the subject of two
counts of abuse of power and obstruction of the proper functioning
of the Congress, because he had asked Ukraine to investigate one of
his potential presidential rivals and he had refused to participate
to the dismissal investigation against him. Donald Trump is accused
of conditioning the payment of US $ 400 million in aid to the
opening of an investigation into the activities in Ukraine of
Hunter Biden, former member of the board of directors of the
Ukrainian gas company Burisma and son of the former vice-president
and favorite of the 2020 Democratic primaries Joe Biden. Avoiding
being drawn into American partisan politics, the Ukrainian
government focused on restoring peace in the Donbass.
Main Political Parties
Among the main parties represented
in parliament stand:
- Servant of the people:
founded in 2016 under the name of Party of decisive change, then
renamed according to the comic television series whose main
character is Volodymyr Zelensky
- Opposition platform - For
life: pro-Russian, center
- Union Panukrainienne
“Patrie”: center right
- European solidarity: formerly
Bloc Petro Peroshenko, pro-Russian, center-right
- Voice: founded in 2019 by
singer Sviatoslav Vakartchouk, center-right
- Oleh Liachko Radical Party:
right
- Strength and Honor: center
right
- Opposition bloc:
pro-Russian
Type of State
Ukraine is a parliamentary democracy.
Executive Power
The President is the head of state and is elected by universal suffrage for five years. He is the commander-in-chief of the army and it is he who appoints the Prime Minister - the head of government - once he has been appointed by Parliament, as leader of the party or of the majority coalition. The Prime Minister's term is five years. Executive power is shared between the President and the Prime Minister. The President chooses the Minister of Defense and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the other ministers of the Council are chosen by the Prime Minister.
Legislative Power
The legislature in Ukraine is unicameral. The parliament called Supreme Council consists of 450 seats with its members chosen on a proportional basis from those parties that gain 3% or more of the national electoral vote; members serve five-year terms. The President has the power to dissolve the Supreme Council, if he so wishes. The people of Ukraine have limited political rights.
2.LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF BUSINESS
Equity of Judgments
Equal Treatment of Nationals and Foreigners
Equal treatment is stipulated by law, but its application is often imperfect. Foreign nationals cannot expect an impartial trial from the country's judicial system.
The Language of Justice
The judicial language used in the country is Ukrainian and Russian.
Recourse to an Interpreter
Having an interpreter is possible.
Legal Similarities
The main source of the law is the constitution of 1996. The country's legal system is based on a civil law system and judicial reviews of various legislative acts.
The Different Legal Codes
Labour Law |
Law relating to employment rights, contracts, employment conditions and social and arbitration protection. |
Commercial procedure law |
Laws relating to relationships and conflicts between citizens, legal entities and the State. Laws relating to accountability issues. |
Law on Foreign Investment in the Ukraine |
Law of 1996. |
The Jurisdictions
Common Law Court |
Civil and criminal matters |
Court of Appeal |
Appeal of legal decisions |
Common Law Supreme Court |
Supreme Court of Appeal |
Supreme Court of Commerce |
Supreme Court of Appeal of Commerce |
Constitutional Court |
Specialised in constitutional justice matters |
Tribunal of Commerce |
Between legal or private entities who have an entrepreneurial status. |
Arbitration Courts |
Independent from the public legal system, they carry out commercial arbitration in the classic sense of the word. |