In: Nursing
Describe how the antigenic components of current viral vaccines are produced and describe the process that may be followed to prepare a vaccine for the 'novel Coronavirus'. 15 marks
ANTIGENIC COMPONENTS OF VIRAL VACCINES:
Recombinant_virus_vaccines
An alternative application of recombinant DNA technology is the production of hybrid virus vaccines. The best known example is vaccinia; At present, efforts are being made to attenuate vaccinia virus further and the possibility of using other recombinant vectors are being explored, such as attenuated poliovirus and adeno virus.
PROCESS TO MAKE CORONA VIRUS VACCINE:
Adjuvants are added to vaccines to stimulate the production of antibodies against the vaccine to make it more effective. Aluminium salts example
Adjuvants have been used for decades to improve the immune response to vaccine antigens, most often in inactivated (killed) vaccines.
Antibiotics (in trace amounts) are used during the manufacturing phase to prevent bacterial contamination of the tissue culture cells in which the viruses are grown.
Formaldehyde Used to inactivate viruses (e.g. IPV) and to detoxify bacterial toxins, such as the toxins used to make diphtheria and tetanus vaccines,
During production, a purification process removes almost all formaldehyde in vaccines,
The amount of formaldehyde in vaccines is several hundred times lower than the amount known to do harm to humans, even infants. E.g., DTP-HepB + Hib "5-in-1" vaccine contains less than 0.02% formaldehyde per dose.
8.Preservatives are added to multidose vaccines to prevent bacterial and fungal growth. They include a variety of substances, for example Thiomersal, Formaldehyde, or Phenol derivatives.
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