Question
In: Biology
Write about polymerase chain reaction testing, weather it pertain to a certain virus, bacteria genetics.
Write about polymerase chain reaction testing, weather it pertain to a certain virus, bacteria genetics.
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Expert Solution
Polymerase chain reaction testing or, PCR testing is used to study DNA in detail. It has two main reagents.
- primers
- DNA polymerase
The primer is a short single strand DNA fragment which provides a complementory sequence to target DNA. Two primers are used.
DNA polymerase are heat stable, for example, Taq polymerase
The first step: Two strands of DNA double helix are physically seperated at a high temperature. This is done in a process called Nucleic acid denaturation.
The second step: The temperature is lowered. Then the primers bind to complementory sequence of DNA. DNA polymerase comes and enzymatically assembles a new DNA strand from nucleotides. Nucleotides are the buiding blocks of DNA. The two DNA strands of the primers are used as templates for this to happen.
The third step: The DNA generated is used as template for replication. It sets a chain reaction in motion. Due to this chain reaction the original DNA template is exponentially amplified.
This amplified genetic material( DNA) is studied.
Numerous types of pathogen's genetic material such as that of different bacteria's and virus's genetic material can be studied by PCR. For example, HIV virus and pathogen causing tuberculosis can be studied. For detecting viral DNA, the primer used need to be specific to target DNA.
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