You have been hired by a research institution to design a study to examine the effects...

You have been hired by a research institution to design a study to examine the effects of a drug (used by physicians to control expectant mothers' nausea over the course of a pregnancy) on infant hearing at birth, 6 months and one year. Briefly explain how you might do this using a cross-sectional design, noting benefits and drawbacks. Then explain what a longitudinal design is and how it would improve on your original approach. Lastly, is there another method to consider?

Expert Solution

Cross-sectional studies measure simultaneously the exposure and health outcome in a given population and in a given geographical area at a certain time.

Cross-sectional study design:

1. Define the population for study. 2. Determine the presence or absence of exposure and the presence or absence of disease for each individual enrolled in the study. For example we survey a population and for each study participant, we determine at the same time the serum cholesterol (exposure) and evidence of cardiovascular diseases (outcome). Each study participant will be in one of the following possible subgroups (a, b, c and d): a. Persons who have been exposed and have the disease. b. Persons who have been exposed but do not have the disease. c. Persons who have the disease but have not been exposed. d. Persons who have neither been exposed nor have the disease.

In a cross-sectional study we can calculate the prevalence of disease and the prevalence of exposure, using the 2 X 2 table.

Prevalence of disease in exposed compared to non-exposed:a/a+b vs c/c+d.

A longitudinal study, like a cross-sectional one, is observational. So, once again, researchers do not interfere with their subjects. However, in a longitudinal study, researchers conduct several observations of the same subjects over a period of time, sometimes lasting many years.

The benefit of a longitudinal study is that researchers are able to detect developments or changes in the characteristics of the target population at both the group and the individual level. The key here is that longitudinal studies extend beyond a single moment in time. As a result, they can establish sequences of events.

Meta analysis and randomised controlled trial.

Nightingale answered 2 years ago

Experimental Study Design Suppose that you have been hired by the university administration to design a...

Experimental Study Design Suppose that you have been hired by the university administration to design a randomized experimental study to assess the following hypothesis among undergraduate students: Attending weekly yoga classes leads to better performance on exams. Be sure that your study design addresses the following elements: Refine the study hypothesis so that it is as specific as possible and contains all elements of a “good” hypothesis. Remember that the design, conduct, and analysis of the study flows from the...

Cohort Study Design Suppose that you have been hired by the UF student health services department...

Cohort Study Design Suppose that you have been hired by the UF student health services department to design a cohort study to assess the following hypothesis among UF students: Irregular sleep patterns increase the risk of headaches. Be sure that your design addresses the following elements: Refine the study hypothesis so that it is as specific as possible and contains all elements of a “good” hypothesis. How will you identify and define the cases? Are there any exclusion criteria that...

You have been hired as consultants to design and implement a widespread security initiative for a...

You have been hired as consultants to design and implement a widespread security initiative for a rapidly expanding global eCommerce corporation with two websites and locations in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London, Paris and Johannesburg. Business is good! In the next three months, the corporation will be acquiring another company in a different line of business with plans to offer products for sale online. Part of your role is to recommend the best way for integrating both environments. However,...

The following is an Excel question: You have been hired by Club 2010 to design and...

The following is an Excel question: You have been hired by Club 2010 to design and implement a worksheet for the "greeter" at the door to use to determine whether people are old enough to enter. Create a model that allows the user to enter his/her birth date. The model should compute the user’s age and in another cell, it should appear either "Welcome" if the person is at least 21 years old as of today, or "Sorry, you are...

2. Analyzing the effects of a trade deficit You have just been hired by the U.S....

2. Analyzing the effects of a trade deficit You have just been hired by the U.S. government to analyze the following scenario. Suppose the U.S. agricultural industry is concerned about the level of fruit and vegetable imports to the United States, a practice that hurts domestic producers. Lobbyists claim that implementing a quota on imports would shrink the size of the deficit. The following exercise will help you to analyze this claim. The following graph shows the demand and supply...

This week, you have been hired as a market researcher to complete an exploratory study on...

This week, you have been hired as a market researcher to complete an exploratory study on innovative market sectors: Topic: Aerospace, aircrafts, and drones ************Please help me wtite the market anaysis on above topic keeping following key points in mind. Summary of the market analysis and anticipated consumer needs Competitive forces Create a prototype of one potential product or service using the "Layers of the Product" (Salomon et al., 2017, p. 236) Use images, designs, or blueprints Outline potential market...

You have been hired as the financial manager to design a new Powerball jackpot. The marketing...

You have been hired as the financial manager to design a new Powerball jackpot. The marketing team, after a thorough market research, has found that offering an infinite annuity would attract a new market segment. This program is expected to attract at least 2,000,000 participants. The company is planning to sell each ticket for $2 each. The cash flow is as follows: During the first year, every 6-months, $100,000 will be given to the winner For the second year and...

Suppose that you have been hired by the UF student health services department to design a...

Suppose that you have been hired by the UF student health services department to design a cohort study to assess the following hypothesis among UF students: Irregular sleep patterns increase the risk of headaches. please note key word is "DESIGN A COHORT STUDY" not a case control study. chegg answered the same question but for case-control design. i need help for the cohort study though same questions Be sure that your design addresses the following elements: Refine the study hypothesis...

You have been hired by a home security company to design and implement a home alarm...

You have been hired by a home security company to design and implement a home alarm system. The logic of the system is as follows: once the alarm system has been armed, it is to sound if the front door is opened, the back door is opened or either of two windows is opened (you can assume there are only two windows). Design the necessary circuit to implement the situation described above. Your circuit should have five inputs (A =...

1. You have been hired to design an internet marketing strategy for a company that sells...

1. You have been hired to design an internet marketing strategy for a company that sells herbs and spice. Describe the opportunities and challenges that business will face in an online environment.

Question