Question

17. Describe the function of each of the following tools in biotechnology:

a. Restriction Enzymes

b. PCR

c. Gel electrophoresis

d. CRISPR

e. DNA microarrays

18. Describe how cloning is possible (include something about how the genetic code is universal).

19. Why does genomic sequencing require multiple copies of the genome? Describe practical aspects of including sequencing information in health care.

Answer 1

Answer 17 :- following type of tools are used in biotechnology.

• Restrictions enzyme:- RE is also called molecular scissor. RE is the type of endonuclease wich cut the nucleic acid at a specific sequence calles palindromic site . Each palindromic site restricted or specific for specifics enzyme so, it called restrictions site or recognizing site. Restrictions enzyme produce two of DNA end , sticky and blunt end.
• PCR is mainly used for amplification for desire DNA or gene of interest or foreign DNA fragment. PCR can produce 1 billions copies after 30 cycles.
• Gel electrophoresis:- Gel electrophoresis is separation technique of charge biomolecules like DNA,RNA and proteins.Agarose electrophoresis used for separation of DNA fragments.
• CRISPER is the family of DNA sequence which is found in the DNA of prokaryotes. These DNA sequence derived from bacteriophage chromosome which is present in previously infect cell. CRISPER used for detect and destroy of bacteriophage.
• DNA microarrays is the collections of DNA fragments which uses to identify known DNA segments.DNA microarray bind at the complimentary DNA at any where.

Kindly creat a another post for for remaining questions.