Question

1] This almost instant type of rejections is a result of the action of performed antibody and C' (compliment) against MHC antigens: a] acute rejection b] chronic rejection c]Hyperacute rejection d] acute cellular rejection

2] The best anti-rejection drugs that are able to be tolerated for long periods of time are: a. Cytokine interfering agents that suppress a specific action such as blocking IL-2 or IL-2r such as cyclosporine b. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids c. Cytotoxic drugs that interfere with DNA replication d. Anti-lymphocyte antibodies

Answer 1

1. C. Hyperacute rejection.

Hyperacute rejection occurs within hours of trnsplant. Here, the graft is rejected by preformed donor specific antibodies through a compliment mediated response. Acute rejection may take a few days to weeks for rejection to occur. It occurs when the body starts percieving the graft as foreign. Chronic rejection occura over years after transplantation, by the action of body"s immune system. Acute cellular rejections are mostly T cell mediated.

2. A.  Cytokine interfering agents that suppress a specific action such as blocking IL-2 or IL-2r such as cyclosporine

Cyclosporins or drugs that inhibit IL2 are generally prescribed as long-term or life-long immunosuppresants after transplantation. The body can sustain it, with mnimal side-effects. Corticostroids are also prescribes initially, but the dosage is tapered down and stopped within 6 months to 1 year. Cytotoxic drugs will not be of much help, as it can be ctotoxic to both host system and donor organs. Anti lymphocyte antibodies are generally used for acute or acute cellular rejections. They cannot be used long -term as they compromise the immunity and leads to secondary infections.