In: Anatomy and Physiology
ANSWER :
Blood pressure is the force applied by wall of blood vessels (mostly arteries) on the blood during contraction (pumping) of heart. An optimum blood pressure is required to normal flow of blood which supplies food nutrients, hormones and other substances to vital organs of body without affecting their physiology. It is measured an instrument called sphygmomanometer and denoted as 120/80 mmHg which represents systolic pressure (120 mmHg) & diastolic pressure (80 mmHg).
High blood pressure or hypertension condition arises when blood flow decreased in chief arteries due to deposition of fatty substances (embolus) which obstruct the pathway of blood flow hence, heart has to pump blood with more forcefully as consequence blood pushes the wall beyond normal extent which cause hypertension.
High blood pressure also caused due to high intake sodium chloride in daily diet would decrease water secretion through renal tubules as result extra fluid in the blood vessels elevates pressure them. We should reduce avoid intake of extra amount of sodium in our daily diet & take regular exercise to maintain balanced cardiovascular flow.