Question

Protozoan Nosema Ocularum 1)classification and history 2)significance of it and how it relates to science 3)Is it pathogenic?causes and treatments 4)who does it affect and which part of the world is it found. 5)anything unique or interesting about this species

Answer 1

1,Protozoan Nosema ovulation:

Common names used for different parasites in different parts of the world...

History:

Binomial system of nomenclature in which the scientific name consistes of the genus and spices is used..This names from Greek or latin origin..on the basis of life history relationship among the various parasite species..These species are from same family and genus in the same order,same class,related class in the same phylum..one if more to classification scheme each becomes more broad..

Classification:

Parasites of human classified in to major division..it include protozoa,the fungi,the platyhelminthes or flatworms,the Acanthocephala or thorny_headed worms,the Nematoda or round worms and the arthropods..it has morphologic and physiologic variation.. classification of parasites presented in tabular form..

2,significance:

Nosema APIs is a microsporidian,small unicellular parasites recently reclassified as a fungus mainly affects honey bees,it causes nosemosis also called Nosema,it is most common and widespread od adults honeybee disease..it is a long_lived spore which is resistant to temperature extremes and dehydration and can not be killed by freezing the contaminated comb..

3,nosema ceranae is a pathogen discovered in 2005 in Spain..A higher reinfection rate of the bee colonies is assumed,since the pathogen survives longer in the external environment..

Causes:

Nosema disease in U.S honey bees is caused by one of two fungi named Nosema APIs and Nosema ceranae.. Nosema spices are obligate,fungus_like intra_cellular parasites limit to specific hosts species..n.apis and n.c ceranae can not be seen in lab culture..they can multiply in living honey bee midgut and other cells..

Treatment:

Feed the medication Fumiclil _B in a minimum of two gallons of sugar syrup in the fall.and a minimum of one gallon of sugar syrup where a new package is installed in the spring..ths will prevent or suppress the disease.. Don't feed this medication just before or during a honey flow..place colonies in optimum apiary sites.. location should have good air drainage,protection from winds,honey must expose to run on winter months..make sure all colonies have a pr9lific queen an a large population of young bees in the fall.. discolored with dark residues of fecal matter in the spring,scrape this off with fine tool and dispose of it.. sanitation will help cut down on re_contamination..