Question

1. Summarize the basic facts about how HIV infection progresses to AIDS, list the risk factors for HIV infection, and list strategies for reducing the risk of HIV infection.

2. Summarize the basic facts about cardiovascular diseases, list the controllable and uncontrollable risk factors, and describe how to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease development.

3. Describe the two basic types of diabetes, management methods, and ways to reduce the risk of developing diabetes

4. Identify the basic risk factors and warning signs of cancer, describe the basic treatment methods, and list strategies for reducing cancer risk.

5. Describe the symptoms and management of several chronic health conditions.

Answer 1

1.aHIV infection ca be classified into 3 stages .The initial stage which is called the acute HIV infection develops within 2-4 weeks ,with patients developing flu like symptoms and rapidly multiplies within the body destroying the CD4 cells which gives immune power to the body.The next stage is the chronic infection stage in which the patient remains asymptomatic and HIV continues to multiply .Without treatment chronic HIV infection advances to AIDS in 10 years.Aids is the final stage ,where the opportunistic infections creep into the body .People with HIV are usually diagnosed with AIDS if the CD4 cells is less than 200cellls/mm3.

b The possible risk factors are Heterosexual or homosexual contact with high risk individuals,intravenous drug abusers,persons recieving blood products,health care worker and babies born to infected mothers.

c Strategies for reducing the risk of HIV infection.

• Abstain from extra-marital sexual relationships.
• Use condoms while having sex with sex workers or in unprotected sexual relationships.
• Reducing the number of sex partners.
• Do not have sex if you are drunk,as it increases the chances of getting HIV.

2a Heart diseases is the leading cause of death in both men and women..CHD is the most common type of heart disease.Heart disease is often known as Cardiovascular disease.There are many types of heart diseases which includes hypertension,coronary artery disease,and cerebrovascular disease.Use of alcohol and stress can increase cardiovascular risk.

b.Uncontrollable risk factors include gender,age,a family history of heart disease and being post-menopausal.Controllable risk factors include smoking,obesity,Stress,and Uncontrolled diabetes .

c Heart disease can be controlled by following certain restrictions such as controlling high blood pressure,avoid sedentetary lifestyle and be active,follow a heart -healthy diet,

3 a Type1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes are the two basic types of diabetes.Type 1 diabetes is insulin dependent diabetes and it usually begins in childhood.it maybe caused by a genetic predisposition. it is charactetized by a destruction of the pancreatic beta cells.Treatment for type1 diabetes involves taking insulin .Periodic test include A1C test estimate glucose levels in blood,careful meal planning,daily excercise and taking insulin and other medications

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is called adult-onset diabetes.it is otherwise called non-insulin dependent diabetes.it can be controlled with weight management ,nutrition and excercise.The two main problems associated with type 2 diabetes are insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.

The main goals of management is to normalize insulin activity and blood glucose levels to reduce the development of vascular and neuropathic complications.

4 aCancer is a neoplastic disorder that can involve all body organs with manifestations that vary according to the bodysystem affected and type of tumor cells.it produces serious health problems such as impaired immune and hematopoietic function,altered gastrointestinal tract structure and function,motor and sensory deficits and decreased respiratory function.

b Warning signs of cancer are

• Any sore that does not heal.
• Change in bowel or bladder habits.
• Indigestion.
• Nagging cough
• Obvious change in wart
• Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
• Unusual bleeding

c Basic treatment methods include Surgery which is indicated to diagnose ,stage and treat cancer.Prophylactic surgery is performed in clients with an existing premalignant condition.Curative surgery include all gross and microscopic tumor is removed and ,Palliative surgery and reconstructive or rehabilitative surgery ,Chemotherapy,Radiation therapy and bone marrow transplantation.