Question

Please anwser!

Part 2. Answer both question

A. If it is true that humans, along with all other forms of life, have evolved from a common ancestor, what evidence of this would you expect to observe when comparing the genomes of humans, mice, and Palm Trees? Give three specific examples of things you would expect to find in these genomes that make sense in view of evolution but would not make sense otherwise.

B. Consider the following scenario. A large population of lizards occupies an extensive range that is relatively uniform ecologically (i.e., in terms of climate and co-occurring species). At a certain point in time, the ancestral population becomes divided down the middle into two similar-sized portions by a barrier that completely prevents the movement of lizards between the descendent populations. Around the same time, a major flood occurs, and a small number of individuals are swept away from the mainland on floating debris and arrive alive on a small offshore island that has no lizards of this species. The habitat on the island is similar to their homeland, but not identical (the climate is slightly different, many mainland species of plants and animals are absent, and a few island species of plants and animals are different from any present on the mainland. Thus, there are now three separate populations. Compare and contrast the expected evolutionary consequences for these populations in the future.

Answer 1

A)

There are characteristics that are common to all living things, since we all have the same genetic code and this in turn shows a common origin. These characteristics must have been part of the universal ancestor and are the following:

- Reproduction capacity given by the replication of the genetic information contained in the DNA, which is grouped into genes and is made up of four nitrogenous bases: A, G, C and T.

- Various types of RNA such as ribosomal, messenger and transfer RNA, composed of the nitrogenous bases A, G, C and U.

- From DNA, the genetic code is expressed with RNA as an intermediary for the production of proteins through the processes of transcription and translation.

- Proteins are made up of so-called 21 natural amino acids. which are encoded in the genome: alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, phenylalanine, glycine, glutamate, glutamine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, proline, serine, tyrosine, threonine, tryptophan, valine and the latter to be discovered in all three domains, selenocysteine. All of these amino acids are alpha-levorotatory.

- Presence of hundreds of enzymes, such as those that act on DNA for replication (polymerases), control (topoisomerases) and repair (ligases), in addition to enzymes that act on RNA, or those that catalyze the biochemical reactions of metabolism and others.

- Use of the ATP nucleotide, a basic form for the transfer of cellular energy.

- among other characteristics.

B)

Populations that were divided by a geographic barrier (for example as a result of plate tectonics) will undergo allopatric speciation. Due to natural selection, which is a powerful evolutionary force in large populations, evolutionary adaptation probably causes the genetic changes that result in reproductive isolation in vicariant speciation.

The population that arrived on the island, with time a genetic divergence and / or morphological will occur that will lead to a new species. The constitution of the small population implies the possibility of sudden fluctuations in gene frequencies (random genetic drift), which create new arrangements based on the available gene pool and the selective pressures (natural selection) that drive or direct the process. This situation is reinforced by the isolation to which the populations are subjected, as a result of colonization processes in different environments, as a strategy primarily for dispersal of the population.