Question

1. A virus infects cells and uses them replicate (make copies of itself). What are all viruses composed of?

a. nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat

b. DNA and RNA surrounded by a lipid membrane

c. RNA surrounded by protein spikes

d. genetic material surrounded by lipids and proteins

2. What is the structure of a coronavirus?

a. DNA wrapped in protein capsid, surrounded by phospholipid membrane with protein spikes on surface

b. RNA wrapped in protein capsid, surrounded by phospholipid membrane with protein spikes on surface

c.DNA wrapped in a lipid capsid, with protein spikes protecting the DNA

d. RNA wrapped in a lipid capsid, with protein spikes protecting the RNA

3. What is the function of the spike protein on SARS-CoV-2?

a. stimulates viral reproduction inside human cells

b. provides the genetic sequence for making new proteins

c. causes mutations in the viral genome

d. binds to ACE2 receptors on human cells, which then allow virus to enter cell

4. How did the coronavirus jump from animals to humans?

a. random mutations created new spike proteins that were now able to bind to human cell receptors

b. human cells selected for specific mutations in the virus

c. mutations in the viral envelope allowed the virus to enter into a human cell

d. ACE2 receptors on human cells mutated and can now bind to the coronavirus

5. There are a variety of approaches to making a COVID-19 vaccine. Which of the following statements concerning COVID-19 vaccine development is most accurate?

a. mRNA vaccines are the traditional route for vaccine development but are slower to make

b. using attenuated (weakened) versions of the virus are not a viable option for this vaccine because of the high risk

c. mRNA vaccines are a newer technology and less certain, but are currently in the clinical trial stage of development

d. mRNA vaccines stimulate the human body to make the entire coronavirus RNA sequence

Answer 1

answer 1 correct option is A

viruses are the infective agent which composed of the nucleic acid either dna or rna , covered in the protein coat and are very small in size , always need a host to survive

answer 2 correct option is B

because the coronaviruses has the spherical shaped envelope(CAPSID) contains the single stranded positive sense RNA .

answer 3 correct option is D

which state that spikes of coronavirus binds to ACE2 receptors on human cells, which then allow virus to enter cell. virus attach to the receptor on host cell via its s1 subunit and then s2 subunit also help in the fusion and entery into the host cell.

answer 4 option no A is correct

this is because as we know that the viruses enter the host cell via its binding ability to the host cell if the virus are not able to bind the host cell recelptor then the viruses wont be able to infect the host and that is the case that interspecie jump is not common .

in case of the of coronavirus the virus has somehow mutated(random mutated) its spikes and got the ability to bind the host cell and ability to infect the host .

answer 5 option B is correct

this is because the attenuated form(inactivated live) of the vaccine is always associated to a risk , that a pathogen could recover its pathogenic ability and can harm the vaccinated person .