In: Anatomy and Physiology
Observe the paths of all the tendons along the sole of the foot. Which foot arch do they help to support? 209 (12)
Muscle: It is a soft tissue containing protein filaments like actin and myosin and functions to produce force and motion
Tendon: They are tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually coonects Muscle to bone
SOLE OF FOOT is Bottom of foot and it is referred as "Plantar Aspect " and it has the thickest layers of skin on the body due yo the weight placed on it.
Sole of foot has 2 types of muscles 1.Intrinsic Muscles 2.Extrinsic Muscles
INTRINSIC MUSCLES | ||||
FIRST LAYER | ||||
MUSCLE | ORIGIN | INSERTION | ACTION | ARCH SUPPORT |
ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS | Medial tubercle of Calcaneum | Medial side,base of proximal phalanx of big toe | Flexes,abducts toe | Medial longitudinal Arch |
FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS | Medial tubercle of Calcaneum | Middle phalanx of four lateral toes | flexes lateral four toes | Medial and Longitudinal lateral Arch |
ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI | Medial and lateral Tubercles of Calcaneum | Lateral side base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe | Flexes,abducts 5th toe | Lateral Longitudinal Arch |
SECOND LAYER | ||||
Quadratus Plantae | Medial and Lateral Sides of calcaneum | Tendon of Flexor digitorum Longus | Flex lateral 4 toes | - |
Lumbricals | Tendons of flexor digitorum longus | Dorsal expansion of lateral 4 toes | extends toes at Interphalangeal joints | - |
THIRD LAYER | ||||
Flexor Hallucis Brevis | cuboid,ateral cuneiform,tibialis posterior insertion | medial and lateral sides of base of proximal phalanx of big toe | flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of big toe | Medial longitudinal arch |
Abductor Hallucis(oblique Head) | bases of 2nd,3rd,4th metatarsal bones | lateral side base of proximal phalanx of big toe | adducts big toe | Transverse Arch |
Abductor Hallucis(Transverse Head) | Capsules of 3,4,5 metatarsophalangeal joints | lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe | Adducts big toe | - |
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis | Base of 5th metatarsal | lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of small toe | flexes small toe | |
FOURTH LAYER | ||||
Dorsal Interossei(4) | adjacent sides of metatarsals | bases of phalanges and dorsal expansion of corresponding toes | abducts toes,flex metatarsophalangeal joints and extends Interphalangeal joints | |
plantar Interossei(3) | 3rd,4th,5th metatarsals | bases of phalanges and dorsal expansion of 3rd,4th and 5th toes | adduct toes,flexes metatarsophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints |
Extrinsic Muscle Tendons of Tibialis Posterior support Medial longitudinal Arch, Flexor Digitorum Longus support Lateral Longitudinal Arch of foot and Flexor Hallucis Longus Medial Longitudinal arch