Question

mandatory immunization .....(article) Which theory or theories were illustrated in the particular story? How and why? Identify the difficulties with the interpretation or interpretations. Explain. article https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3216445/

Answer 1

Immunization is mandatory because of immunization is to protect all children of the world against six vaccine preventable disease,namely diphtheria,wooping cough, tetanus,polio,tuberculosis, measles.

The Indian academy recommend inclusion of more vaccines in the immunization schedule. The immunization schedule approved by the IAP is as follows:

TT-1 early in pregnancy

TT-2 4weeks of after TT-1

TT booster if received tt doses in a pregnancy within the last 3years

For infants

BCG at birth maximum one year of age

Hep b-at birth maximum within 15days

OPV- 0 at birth Max with in 15days

OPV 1,2,3 at 6,10,14 weeks Max 5 years

Rotavirus -at 6,10,14weeks Max 1year

IPV at 14weeks Max 1year

Pentavalent at 1,2,3- at 6.10.14weeks Max 1year of age

Measles 1st dose 9-12completed months Max 5years

Japanese encephalitis 9-12 completed months

VitA 9-12 completed months

Pnemococcal conjugated vaccine -6 weeks  

For children

DPT booster 1 16-24months Max 7years

Measles 2nddose 16-24 months

Japanese encephalitis 2nd dose 16-24 months

Vitamin A 2nd and 9thdose 16 months. Then 1dose for every 6months

DPT booster 2 5-6years Max 7years

TT 10years and 16 years

Typhoid - 2,5,8,12years

Difficulties in immunization is to cover all the children

.significant contribution to public health

.universal coverage has met with many challenges

.difficulties to record the whole children

.hospitalization due to vaccine preventable disease has been drastically reduced due to introduction of new effective vaccine

Theories

There are many theories one has

Vaccine Immunization Theory

  According to most of medical establishment childhood immunization constitutes one of the great success stories of American public health in 20th century.

Aims of this theory is of eradicating infectious disease (without considering the infection may be one evolutionary drivers towards adaption ). WHO launched the Expanded Programme Immunization in 1974 for against 6 target disease

By 1994 almost 80 percentage of children under one were immunized against disease.

The theory of immunization programme works mainly has 2 ways

.On a individual basis to protect specific person at risky

.On a population basis to provide 'herd immunity' to protect individual who cannot be vaccinated because of health reasons (Bedford and Elliman2000)