Question

explain the differences and similarities between prokaryoutes and eukaryotic cells.

Answer 1

Difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Sl.No.	Characteristics	Prokaryotes	Eukaryotes
1.	Cell Type	Unicellular	Multicellular
2.	Organisms	Bacteria, Archaebacteria	Animals, Plants and Fungi
3.	Cell Wall	Thick , made up of Peptidoglycan	Cellulose in plants
4.	Cell Size	0.5-100 micometre	10-150 micrometre
5.	DNA	Circular in cytosol	Linear present in nucleus
6.	Chromosome	Single	Multiple
7.	Extra chromosomal Plastids	Non essential genes in extra chromosomal pastid	No e Extra chromosomal Plastids
8.	Nucleous	Absent. No well defined nucleous	Membrane bound
9.	Locomotion	Pili and Fimbriae	Cilia and well developed organs in higher organisms
10.	Organelles	Absent	Present and have specific functions
11.	Ribosome and histone	Absent	Present
12.	Cytoskeleton	Absent	Present Actin and microtubule
13.	Reproduction and cell division	Asexual .Binary fission	Sexual. Meosis and mitosis
14.	Cell cycle	20 – 60 mins	12 – 24hrs
15.	Protien synthesis	Transcription and translation in cytosol	Transcription in cytosol and translation in nucleous
16.	Chromosome	Condensed in nucleoid by DNA supercoiling	Condensed in nucleous by histone
17.	Repetitive DNA	Efficient and compact but less amount	Large amount of noncoding and repetitive DNA
18.	Lysosome and peroxisome	Absent	Present

Similarities.

Both have membrane bound- inner plasma periplasmic space and outer membrane .

Flagella, ribosome and genetic material DNA are present

Cell wall in Prokaryotes and plants.

mRNA template for translation, mRNA synthesis from DNA and Protien synthesis in cytoplasm

21 aminoacids and 64 codons are present.

Both undergoes reproduction and activities such as growth and development, respond to stimuli and excrete.

Similar reactions for storing energy, metabolic activities and building protiens.