Question

Describe the functions of mucous cells, chief cells and parietal cells in digestion. Pepsinogen is an important product secreted in the stomach, and is the inactive form of pepsin. Why is it significant that cells secrete pepsinogen and not pepsin?

Explain how Type 2 diabetes differs from Type 1 diabetes. Why do they both lead to diabetes?

Answer 1

In stomach have some cells which helps in digestion by secretion.

1. Mucous cells :-

-Mucous cells also called surface cell.

-Mucous cell released mucous which helps to protection of stomach wall.

2.Parietal cells :-

Parietal cell produce hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor of castle.

- HCl help activation of pepsinogen into pepsin and provides acidic medium for action of pepsin.

Intrinsic factor of Castle help to absorption of vitamin B12.

Chief cells :-

-Chief cells produce pepsinogen.

-Pepsinogen activated by HCl and convert into pepsin and helps to digestion of protein.

** pepsinogen is secret in inactive form because pepsin is strong protein digesting enzyme which can digest the cell.

Mucosa of stomach to prevent mucosa and cell of stomach from strong protein digestion nature of this enzyme.

** In the type 2 diabetes ​​​​​​, insulin secreted sufficient in the blood stream but the receptor for insulin does not work properly because insulin receptor resistance to insulin. And in the type 1 diabetes ​​​​​​, insulin secreted insufficient in the blood stream that means the level of insulin decrease in blood.

Type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes leads to diabetes :-

Insulin produced by beta cell of pancreas. Insulin helps transport of glucose from your blood to cells.

Type 1 diabetes, due to decrease synthesis of insulin. Insulin caused the decrease blood glucose level. If insulin is decrease the level of blood glucose also increased. This condition is called hyperglycemia.

Due to hyperglycemia body responed and symptoms occurs ( headache, exccesive thirst, excessive urination, hunger)

Type 2 diabetes, insulin receptor resistance to insulin so body does not longer using the insulin efficiently. This forces, pancreas to work harder to make more insulin.

After the long time start damage in pancreas cell and insulin level is decrease that can lead to increase level of glucose ( hyperglycemia).