Question

In: Anatomy and Physiology

sometimes the reflex respond is dimsh

sometimes the reflex respond is dimsh

Solutions

Expert Solution

REFLEX: A Reflex is an involuntary and instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.

  • A reflex is made possible by Neural pathways called "REFLEX ARCS" Which can act on impulse before that impulse reaches the brain.

GRADING OF REFLEXES:

GRADE DESCRIPTION
0 Absent
1+ or + Hypoactive/Diminished
2+ or ++ Normal
3+ or +++ Hyperactive without clonus/Exaggerated
4+ or ++++ Hyperactive with Clonus

AREFLEXIA: In this the reflexes are completely absent

HYPER REFLEXIA: In this the reflexes are above normal i.e. exaggareted

  • It is caused due to Upper Motor Lesion where the damage is above the level of alpha motor neurons i.e, in higher centers

HYPOREFLEXIA: In this the reflexes are below normal i.e, diminished

  • It is caused due to Lower Motor Lesion where the damage at the level of Alpha Motor neurons from spinal cord and brain stem to Muscle
  • CAUSES:
  1. Spinal shock due to Transection of Spinal Cord
  2. Hypothyroidism
  3. Electrolyte Imbalance like Excess of Magnesium
  4. Drug Induced eg: Benzodiazepine intoxication
  5. Diseases like Amylotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS), Guillian-Barre Syndrome(GBS),Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy(CIDP),Lambert-Eaton myasthenic Syndrome...

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