Question

1. Pathophysiology of Medical Diagnosis and Citations of cystic fibrosis of 10 year old girl

2. Stages of Development - Citation -  Describe the 10 year old girl with cystic fibrosis, stages of development according to Piaget, Freud or Erikson's theory. Compare the development stage of client.

Answer 1

Cystic fibrosis:It is an autosomal disease caused by a mutation in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene(CFTR).It results in multisystem dysfunction.Sweat test is done to analyise the problem.stages

Pathophysiology:

Respiratory tract:CFTR gene encodes the CFTR protein.In airway,CFTR is present in airway epithelial cells and submucosal glands and when defecyive results in disruption to chloride ion movement.

It results in reduced airway surface liquid resulting in altered lung environment.It provides bacterial growth and tissue damage.

Pancreas-pancreatic duct is occluded causing permanent damage to the exocrine pancreas rendering patients with CF pancreatic insufficient.Overtime it results in cystic fribrosis related diabetes mellitus.

Gastrointestinal tract-small intenstine secreyes viscois mucus which cause bowel obstruction and cause meconium ileus.It also results in neonatal jaundice and CF related liver disease.

Reproductive teact-men with cf are infertile in 98 percent of cases due to congenital absence of vas deferns.In women,timing of pregnancy should be carefully planned as it is associated with a deterioration in lung health.

2.stages of cf patient in context to erikson theory-

Infancy conflict-trust vs mistrust

The attachement period often coincides with the time of cf diagnosis.The diagnostic process is emotionally challenging.Parents distress is noted during this period which can have negative implication for attachemnet with baby.

Early childhood:autonomy vs shame

Devlopment issues related to expanding language skills,cognitive development may be of particular relevance to the experience of CF.Most of the children with CF have problem related to sleep and esting pattern.preschoolar with CF struggle with health related rocess and behaviours.Siblings in the household may also be impacted.

School age-it is characterised by evolving of cognitive skills and increased emphasis on peer relations.As children's cognitive and language skill develop,they will be able to communicate better about their health problems.Psychological issues like forgetting,oppositional behaviour,difguculty with time management persist.

Adolescence-It ia peeiod of rapid social and pysiological changes.CF typically worsen during adolescence particularly for females,presence of moee frequent symptoms like cough and fatigye and pulmonary exacebrations occur.It makes thia phase more challenging.Unsupportive family behaviour appear to be particularly problematic for adolescent adjustments.