Question

Hi, I'm doing an assignment for my med-surg class. Here are the questions listed below.

Describe in your own words what medical surgical nursing is.

List 4 typical medical diagnosis you could see on a medical surgical unit.

Give brief description of each diagnosis.

List 3 nursing interventions for each diagnosis.

One nursing outcome for each diagnosis you would want to see.

Answer 1

4 TYPICAL MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS IN MEDICAL SURGICAL UNIT

1. Dengue Hemorrhagic fever.
2. Urinary Tract Infection.
3. Hypertension.
4. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

1.DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER.

Dengue is a acute febrile disease caused by the infection of dengue virus through mosquito of Aedes gene.Dengue is fatal condition were the virus manifest with bleeding and patient may end up in hypovolemic shock.The Dengue fever has 4 phases like Initial phase,hemorrhagic symptoms,vascular leakage,progression.The etiologic agent and vector of dengue is Aedes aegypti,flavivirus is caused by infection of one of the four serotypes of dengue virus.The incubation period is 3-10 days.The clinical manifestations are High fever,severe headache,bleeding,enlargement of the liver,circulatory system failure etc.Preventive measures are Avoid crowded place,proper clothing,mosquito repellents,empty stagnant water.The complication of dengue are Dengue shock syndrome.Medical management for dengue is ORT,IV fluids,blood transfusion, oral fluids,avoid aspirins.

2.URINARY TRACT INFECTION

Urinary tract infection are caused by the microorganisms in the urinary tract infection, normally the urinary tract above the urethra is considered as sterile .The infection may effect upper urinary tract or to the lower urinary tract and it will range from the uncomplicated to uncomplicated phase according to the pateint condition and level of infection.The UTI is classified into LOWER UTIs(Bacterial cystitis,prostatitis ans urethritis),UPPER UTIs(acute and chronic pyelonephritis,intestitial nephritis,and renal nephritis)UNCOMPLICATED LOWER OR UPPER UTIs,COMPLICATED UTIs.Clinical manifestations are  burning micturation,increased frequency of urination,nocturia,pelvic pain,urgency.The preventive measures are avoid use of bath tubs,have proper perineal hygiene,increase fluid intake, avoid irritants,change voiding habbit,medications.The urinary tract infection has complications of Renal failure,Urosepsis.

3.HYPERTENSION

Hypertension it is a most common lifestyle diseases in the world,it is defined as a systolic blood pressure greater than 140mmHg and diastolic pressure greater than 90mmHg.The hypertension is classified as NORMAL;ELEVATED,STAGE 1 HYPERTENSION,STAGE 2 HYPERTENSION.Hypertension is a multifactorial, renal retension occurs when there is excess sodium intake,which increases fluid volume resulting in elevated preload and incresed in contractility.Obesity and genetic alterations are also factors which contributing to the condition.The clinical manifestations of hypertension are headache,dizziness,blurred vision,chest pain.The prevention of hypertension are weight reduction,adopt DASH diet,regular physical activity,dietary sodium retension,moderation in alchohol consumption.There are several complications for the hypertension,they are HEART FAILURE,MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION,RENAL FAILURE,IMPAIRED VISION.

4.CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a condition in which the patient suffer from chronic dyspnea with expiratory limitation.The main causes for COPD are smoking,occupational exposure,pollution,genetic abnormalities.The clinical manifestations of COPD are chronic cough,dyspnea on exertion,weightloss,barrel chest,sputum production.The prevention of the COPD is not possible the measures to keep the condition under control are stop smoking,reduce the exposure to irritants etc.The complication are respiratory insufficiency,respiratory failure.

NURSING INTERVENTIONS AND NURSING OUTCOMES

DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER: NURSING INTERVENTION

1. BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING
2. MONITORING PAIN
3. MEDICATION REGIMEN
4. FLUID REPLACEMENT
5. VASCULAR ACCESS

NURSING OUTCOMES:

1.Blood pressure within the normal range.

2.Adequate tissue perfusion.

3.Absence of signs of bleeding.

URINARY TRACT INFECTION:NURSING INTERVENTION

1.Relieve pain

2.Fluids intake and monitor input output.

3.Encourage the frequent voiding and perineal hygeine.

POSSIBLE OUTCOME:Experience the relief of pain,no complication.

HYPERTENSION: NURSING INTERVENTION

1.Encourage the patient to consult dietitian and follow DASH diet.

2.Restrict sodium and fat intake.

3.Regular exercise

4.Limit alcohol and smoking.

OUTCOMES

Blood pressure in normal range,no impairment of vision.

COPD :NURSING INTERVENTION

1.Maintain airway patency.

2.Enhance nutritional intake

3.Assess and prevent complication.

EXPECTED OUTCOME

1.Reduction in cough.

2.Reduction in dyspnea.

3.Absence of complication.