Question

5.

a.) Explain whether it be a good idea to treat everyone who has a positive tuberculin skin test (PPD) with TB antibiotics?

b)State reasons why infections caused by intracellular pathogens can be difficult to treat with antibiotics and for the immune response to control.

c.) Describe two ways that intracellular pathogens deal with the lysosome

Answer 1

5 ...a....no it's not a good idea to treat all of the positive tuberculin patient with anti biotics because tuberculin test just tell us that the person has exposure to tuberculous antigen.it may not cause a disease .more over there may be false positive results and more over it is positive in those who have recieved vaccination

5...B...certain species of bacteria are able to localise in the host cell,followed by multiplication and modulation of cell biology.in this way these bactria create a niche from where they can continue the infection cycle.these intracellular can also manipulate the host immune system to permit dissemination to diffrent sites in body .

The deliver y of antibacterial in the desired location in the body is one of th3 main challengge.the plasma.membrane of human cell is composed of a lipid bi layer so it is imperbiable to.polar antimicrobial which can't go inside to kill the pathogen.moreover the nonpolar anti bacterial which go inside via DIFFUSION of endocytosis need to get to a specific concentration to kill those intracellular bacteria.

Ans c...1..some.bacteria avoid lysosome fusion by diverting inclusion from normal vesicular traffeking pathway for example chlymydia

2...modulates auto phagic pathway ,delays fusion with lysosome eg.listeria,legionella

3..inhibits phagolysosome fusion eg.Mycobacterium tuberculosis