Question

1. Listing the muscles of the shoulder, their origin, insertion and function
2. Identifying and listing the boundaries of the axillary fossa
3. Contrasting the components of the quadrangular space, triangular space and triangular interval
4. Listing the muscles of the arm, their origin, insertion and function
5. Listing the muscles of the forearm and their function
6. Organizing the muscles of the forearm based on their respective compartments
7. Organizing the muscles of the forearm based on their respective layers
8. Listing the boundaries of the cubital fossa
9. Listing the muscles of the Thenar eminence and their function
10. Listing the muscles of the Hypothenar eminence and their function
11. Listing the muscles of the intermediate region of the Hand and their function

1. A 27-year-old male comes to the outpatient clinic complaining of pain in the shoulder region, after a proper physical evaluation you determine that the there’s a supraspinatous muscle tear.

Which is the function of the supraspinatous muscle?

Which is the insertion of the supraspinatous muscle?

2. A 23-year-old male comes to the emergency department after sustaining a penetrating injury to the right arm. There’s damage of a muscle inserted in a tubercle in the lateral aspect of the humerus.

Which is the function of the affected muscle?

What’s the origin of the affected muscle?

3. A 22-year-old male comes to the emergency after sustaining a humeral fracture, after proper evaluation and imaging studies, you identify a fracture of the lesser humeral tubercle.

              Which movement is most likely to be compromised in this patient? What’s the origin of the most likely affected muscle?

2.1 Based on image #1: list the boundaries of the axillary fossa

3.1 Based on image #2: List the boundaries of the quadrangular space, triangular space and triangular interval and mention at least 1 structure that passes through the space

1. A 22-year-old male comes to the emergency department complaining of a bulge in the anterior aspect of the arm, after a proper evaluation, you find out he was lifting heavy weights and ruptured a tendon.

              Which muscle is most likely to be affected?

            What the main function of the affected muscle?

    Which is the insertion/origin of the affected muscle?

2. Which muscles originate from the coracoid process?

5, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 11 = Lab

1. Based on the image provided, list the boundaries and contents of the cubital fossa
2. Which structure is at risk of damage if the aponeurosis of the Biceps Brachii is pierced by a needle during a phlebotomy?

Answer 1

1.Ans: The muscles of the shoulder, their origin, insertion and functions are:

Shoulder	Function	Origin	Insertion
Deltoid (Anterior)	Flexion and medial rotation of humerus at shoulder	Clavicle	Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Deltoid (Middle)	Abducts humerus at shoulder (as in upward flap)	Acromion	Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Deltoid (Posterior)	Extension and lateral rotation of humerus at shoulder	Scapular spine	Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Pectoralis major	Flexion, adduction, medial rotation of humerus at shoulder	Sternum to rib 7 Medial half of clavicle	Intertubercular groove of humerus
Latissimus dorsi	Extension, adduction, medially rotation humerus at shoulder	T7 to L5, ribs 10 to 12, iliac crest	Intertubercular groove of humerus

2. Ans: There are five boundaries of the axillary fossa:

• Anterior Axillary Lymph Nodes: Along the lower border of the pectoralis major muscle
• Lateral Axillary Lymph Nodes: Distal along the axillary vein.
• Posterior Axillary Lymph Nodes: Along the subscapular vein and its tributaries.
• Central Axillary Lymph Nodes: Centrally located along the axillary vein, deep to the pectoralis minor insertion.
• Apical Axillary Lymph Nodes: At the apex of the axilla, receiving lymph from all other groups.

5. Ans: the muscles of the forearm and their functions are:

Forearm	Functions
Brachialis	Flexes elbow (as in bringing a spoon to your mouth)
Pronator teres	Pronates forearm at elbow (as in turning a doorknob laterally)
Biceps brachii	Flexes elbow, supinates forearm
Triceps brachii	Extends forearm at elbow (as in lowering a spoon back to the table)

8. Ans : The boundaries of the cubital fossa are:

• Lateral border – Medial border of the brachioradialis muscle.
• Medial border – Lateral border of the pronator teres muscle.
• Superior border – Hypothetical line between the epicondyles of the humerus.