Question

Part I. THE SPEECH PRODUCTION PROCESS

Directions: Write a SHORT description of the process — step by step — of producing voice and speech. Include ALL of the terms below.

larynx        approximation     pharynx            pitch        phonation

sound waves   vocal folds         articulation        amplitude   volume

frequency     resonance               vibration

Answer 1

THE SPEECH PRODUCTION PROCESS

Speech is created with pulmonary pressure provided by the lungs that generates sound by phonation through the glottis in the larynx that then is modified by the vocal tract into different vowels and consonants.An effective articulation of speech include the following elements:-fluency,complexity,accuracy and comprehensibility.The pharynx act as a pathway for food but it act as an air passage from the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx,and as a resonating chamber for the sound produced in the larynx.speech approximation is disturbed when conventional words are used in unconventional or inappropriate ways.

In the speech production process there are various factors that affect the quality of the sound.pitch is the relative highness or loudness of a tone as perceived by the ear which depends on the number of vibrations per second produced by the vocal cords.The sound waves that travel from one end to another end should be with proper implementation of amplitude,volume,frequency.The amplitude may differ according to one person to another and volume should be used in appropriate areas but frequency is different for male and female voices which affect the speech production.

The size of vocal cord affects the pitch of the voice,they open when breathing and vibrating for speech but the folds are controlled by the recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve.They are composed of two infoldings of mucous membrane stretched horizontally from back to front across larynx. Resonance for speech is the approximation of airflow through mouth and nasal cavity during speech.

Now we can conclude that during speech production the biological factors that affect are larynx,pharynx and vocal folds and the physical factors that affect during speech production are approximation,pitch,articulation,sound waves,amplitude,volume,frequency,resonance and vibration.