Question

Discuss at least 7 unique genetic regulatory mechanisms found in bacteria.

Answer 1

Regulatory mechanisms are refer to the mechanism which are involve in the regulation of gene expression.

• Lac Operon model : common mechanism to regulate gene expression in prokaryotes. It is the inducible operon and it can undergo both positive and negative regulation. Transcription of structural gene occur only in the presence of lactose or inducer. No gene is transcribed in the absence of inducer.
• Tryptophan operon: it is repressible operon and it is negatively regulated. Transcription of gene involve in tryptophan synthesis does not occur in presence of high tryptophan concentration.
• Riboswitches: Riboswitches are the mRNA based regulation. It is present at the 5'UTR region of mRNA and when ligand bind to the aptamer, conformation changes occur in the Riboswitches as a result transcription stop.
• Quorum sensing: quorum sensing is the phenomenon through which bacteria control their population. Transcription of gene occur which are involve in autoinducer synthesis when autoinducer concentration increases in the surrounding due to high cell density.
• Crispr cas9 : it is also used to regulate the gene expression.crispr cas9 found in bacteria and it provides protection against the virues and help the bacteria to develop immunity against the virus.
• Translational regulation: if the protein is present in high concentration in that case synthesis of that protein will not occur. Thus can be achieved by forming a loop structure which signal the cell to terminate.
• Post translational regulation: if the protein is not folded properly it undergo proteosomal degradation.