Question

In Chapter 16, 17 and 18 we focus more on the structure and function of organisms, as well as the emphasize the immune and reproductive systems. Respond to the following two prompts relating to these three chapters: In section 16.3 we learn about the vertebrate circulatory and respiratory systems, both of which are quite different from the respiratory and circulatory methods found in invertebrates. Use the information from this section to compare to information from a previous chapter, or other online resources to answer the following two questions: How does a closed circulatory system function differently from an open circulatory system? And can you identify any benefits to an open circulatory system? Identify two differences (either structures or functions) between gills and lungs in terms of how oxygen is captured from the environment. In section 18.3 we learn more about human reproduction, including the concept of gametogenesis or the production of egg and sperm cells in humans. Create a table or write a brief summary (whatever makes sense to you) that compares spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Include a bit of information about the hormonal control of reproduction in your comparison.

Answer 1

• A closed circulatory system functions differently from an open circulatory system due to the blood circulation within closed vessels i.e blood is pumped through the vessels by the heart. Unlike the open sysytem, here nutrients are exchanged via tissues and gases are transported.
• The open circulatory system provides benefit to the organisms living at ocean depths as organisms do not have a blood pressure to maintain. This system can dispel heat more efficiently, which makes it possible to live in a high temperature environment.
• The gills are multifunctional organs that are responsible for the gas exchange but also for the osmoregulation, acid-base regulation, and excretion of nitrogenous waste. Gills attain oxygen via water. On the other hand, lungs are unifunctional that is only responsible for respiration and attains oxygen via atmosphere.

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