Question

9. Where is the eukaryotic cellular site of transcription and translation?

10. What has to happen to a protein after construction but before it becomes functional?

Answer 1

9. Eukaryotic transcription takes place in the nucleus of the cell while eukaryotic translation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, once the transcribed mature mRNA is moved to the cytoplasm.

10. After a protein is formed that is its primary structure is determined by the presence of the particular amino acids, the proteins have to undergo proper folding into its secondary and subsequent tertiary structures to obtain full functionality. some proteins that function as a multisubunit also need to form the quaternary structure to form the functional multisubunit. This process of folding of proteins is aided by the protein's need to form a structure with the lowest Gibbs free energy considering the forces that are involved in the folding, and thus amino acids which will be exposed and which will be covered is determined. Protein folding is often aided by chaperones.

Once the proteins are folded properly into their three dimensional structures they become functional.